ArticleBMJ open2020
Social capital and peer influence of tobacco consumption: a cross-sectional study among household heads in rural Uttar Pradesh, India.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, determinants, and perceptions of tobacco use among male college students in Puducherry: a mixed-methods study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Tobacco smoking habits, attitudes and associated factors among women in the United Arab Emirates.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Patterns and influencing factors of smokeless tobacco use among pregnant and lactating mothers in urban slums of bhubaneswar, Odisha.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and patterns of traditional and e-cigarette use, and factors associated with e-cigarette use.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Validation of Mobile Messages for an mHealth Intervention for Smokeless Tobacco Cessation in India.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- The Relationships between Social Capital, Metabolic, and Behavioral Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases: A Systematic Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Review
- Association of mass media exposure with combustible and smokeless tobacco use among Indian population: findings from a panel survey.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Does social capital increase healthcare financing's projection? Results from the rural household of Uttar Pradesh, India.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- Identifying drivers and factors affecting behavioral risk factors of noncommunicable diseases: A scoping review.Journal of education and health promotion · 2021Article
- Status and Determinants of Early Detection of Oral Premalignant and Malignant Lesions in India.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterReview
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveHaving the world's second-largest tobacco-consuming population, tobacco control is a priority agenda of the Indian Government. Yet, there is no evidence of how peer influence and nature of social relationships-defined as social capital-affect tobacco use. This study aimed to explore the role of social capital and peer influence on tobacco consumption among household heads in rural Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. DESIGN AND
settingThis study was embedded within the baseline evaluation of Project Samuday. A cross-sectional multistage cluster survey was implemented in six census blocks of Hardoi and Sitapur districts of UP from June to August 2017. Self-reported tobacco consumption status of randomly selected 6218 household heads (≥18 years; men vs women=5312 vs 906) was assessed from 346 rural communities. Peer influence of tobacco use was measured by the non-self cluster proportion of tobacco consumption among respondents. Community engagement, social support, trust and social cohesion were separately measured as unique facets of social capital both at individual and community levels using the Shortened Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool in India (SASCAT-I). The explanatory power of covariates was assessed using gender-stratified generalised estimating equations (GEE) with robust-variance estimator.
resultTobacco consumption patterns were starkly different for men and women (71% vs 14%). The peer influence only affected men (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.10, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.16, p<0.01), whereas women were more likely to consume tobacco if they were more engaged with community organisations (AOR=1.33, 95% CI=1.07 to 1.66, p<0.01).
conclusionGender alters the way social engagement affects tobacco use in rural India. Countering peer influence on Indian men should be prioritised as a tobacco control strategy. Moreover, as gender mainstreaming is a critical egalitarian agenda in India, further research is needed to understand how social engagement affects tobacco consumption behaviours among women.
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