ArticleHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2020
Discrimination and Hypertension Risk Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study.
Article in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Black People Coping With Racism: Approaches, Analysis, and Empowerment.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2023Pooled it
- Risks of Major Adverse Kidney Events in Non-Hispanic Black Patients with Diabetes or Hypertension: A Real-World Cohort Study.American journal of nephrology · 2026Article
- Demographic, Clinical and Social Determinants of Blood Pressure Control Among Black men who have had Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Experiences of Racism and Risk of Preeclampsia in the Black Women's Health Study.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Article
- Experiences of In-Group and Out-Group Skin Tone Discrimination and Their Associations with Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among African American Adults in the Jackson Heart Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Dissociation between Perceived Discrimination and SDOH among Black and Hispanic Stroke Patients.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Greater Hypertension Risk among Foreign-born Adults: Examining the Roles of Language, Nativity, and Neighborhood Deprivation in an Ethnoracially Diverse U.S. Sample.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Article
- Area deprivation, social vulnerability, and post-pregnancy blood pressure.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Burden of Unfair Treatment and Subclinical Atherosclerotic Risk Among Black Adults: The Moderating Role of Religious Coping.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Trends and sociodemographic disparities in the circulatory disease prevalence in the United States: An analysis of the National Health Interview Survey database (2019-2022).BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- High Burden of Markedly Elevated Blood Pressure Among Adults Presenting to a Community Emergency Department: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study at a Teaching Hospital in Missouri, USA.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Management of hypertension in specific populations: a review.Annals of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Racial Discrimination, Religious Coping, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among African American Women and Men.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Experiences of Racism Associated with Self-Reported Hypertension Among African American/Black Individuals.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Cardiometabolic and anxiogenic consequences of chronic social defeat stress in male mice.Neurobiology of stress · 2025Article
- Correlates of longitudinal patterns of racial discrimination in midlife and older Black adults: Evidence from the health and retirement study.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Blood Pressure in Young Adults in Iowa.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Observational
- Multilevel Racism and Discrimination and Cardiovascular Disease and Related Biopsychosocial Mechanisms: An Integrated Scoping and Literature Review and Future Research Agenda.Current cardiology reports · 2025Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
African Americans have a higher risk of hypertension compared with other racial or ethnic groups in the United States. One possible explanation for this disparity is discrimination. Few studies have examined the association between discrimination and incidence of hypertension. We examined whether everyday discrimination, lifetime discrimination, and stress from discrimination were associated with incident hypertension and whether these associations differed by gender, age, discrimination attribution, and coping responses to discrimination among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. Discrimination was self-reported by 1845 African Americans aged 21 to 85 years without hypertension at baseline (2000-2004). Participants completed 2 follow-up study visits from 2005 to 2008 and 2009 to 2013. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate associations of discrimination with incident hypertension. Overall, 52% (n=954) of the participants developed hypertension over the follow-up period. After adjustment for age, gender, socioeconomic status and hypertension risk factors, medium versus low levels of lifetime discrimination (hazard ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.18-1.89]), and high versus low levels of lifetime discrimination (hazard ratio, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.07-1.68]) were associated with a higher incidence of hypertension. No statistically significant interactions with gender, age, attribution, or coping were present. Higher stress from lifetime discrimination was associated with higher hypertension risk after adjustment for demographics (hazard ratio for high versus low, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.01-1.40]), but the association was attenuated after adjustment for hypertension risk factors (hazard ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.97-1.35]). Lifetime discrimination may increase the risk of hypertension in African Americans.
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