ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Facial Skin Temperature and Discomfort When Wearing Protective Face Masks: Thermal Infrared Imaging Evaluation and Hands Moving the Mask.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 238 citations in OpenAlex.
- Masks and respirators for prevention of respiratory infections: a state of the science review.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Physio-metabolic and clinical consequences of wearing face masks-Systematic review with meta-analysis and comprehensive evaluation.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Contact dermatitis caused by prevention measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- P2/N95 respirators & surgical masks to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection: Effectiveness & adverse effects.Infection, disease & health · 2022Pooled it
- Bayesian network meta-analysis of face masks' impact on human physiology.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Benefits and Implications of Resveratrol Supplementation on Microbiota Modulations: A Systematic Review of the Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Cannabinoids Drugs and Oral Health-From Recreational Side-Effects to Medicinal Purposes: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Education Technology in Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of face masks on dyspnea perception, cardiopulmonary parameters, and facial temperature in healthy adults.Narra J · 2024Trial
- Influence of face masks on the subjective impairment at different physical workloads.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Effects of surgical masks on the responses to constant work-rate cycling performed at different intensity domains.Clinical physiology and functional imaging · 2022Trial
- Effects of different personal protective equipment on the cardiovascular system in a 6-minute walk test.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Dynamic Infrared Thermographic Evaluation of Facial Thermal Response During Face Mask Wearing.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Risks and benefits of face masks in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions on inflammatory diseases of the nose.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of Prolonged Use of Different Facemasks on Their Physical Performance and Physiological Impact on the Wearer.Safety and health at work · 2025Article
- Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the Mask Usability Scale: A Measure of the Perceived Usability of N95 Respirators Among Healthcare Students and Staff.Journal of advanced nursing · 2025Article
- A comparison of fit, heat stress, oxygen saturation and comfort between a novel reusable mask and disposable N95 respirator.PloS one · 2025Article
- Thermal imaging and deep learning-based fit-checking for respiratory protection.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The influence of N95 and surgical masks on carbon dioxide levels: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Individual respiratory protective devices and face masks represent critical tools in protecting health care workers in hospitals and clinics, and play a central role in decreasing the spread of the high-risk pandemic infection of 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The aim of the present study was to compare the facial skin temperature and the heat flow when wearing medical surgical masks to the same factors when wearing N95 respirators. A total of 20 subjects were recruited and during the evaluation, each subject was invited to wear a surgical mask or respirator for 1 h. The next day in the morning at the same hour, the same subject wore a N95 mask for 1 h with the same protocol. Infrared thermal evaluation was performed to measure the facial temperature of the perioral region and the perception ratings related to the humidity, heat, breathing difficulty, and discomfort were recorded. A significant difference in heat flow and perioral region temperature was recorded between the surgical mask and the N95 respirator (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.