ReviewBiomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie2020
Clinical implications of nicotine as an antimicrobial agent and immune modulator.
Review in Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antimicrobial Strategies in the Era of Resistance: It Is Too Early to Give Up Antibiotic Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Natural Alkaloids as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanisms, Potentials and Challenges.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Viable, Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria Recovered from E-Liquids Used with Commercial Electronic Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- A Narrative Review on the Role of Microbiota and Microglia in Premotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.Neurotoxicity research · 2025Review
- Greater fatigue, disturbed sleep, persistent memory problems, and reduced CD4Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Article
- A comprehensive assessment of smokeless tobacco (Shammah) extract: unraveling the effects on hematological parameters, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and organ health in rats.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Article
- Altered oral microbiome in Sudanese Toombak smokeless tobacco users carries a newly emerging risk of squamous cell carcinoma development and progression.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Application of antimicrobial, potential hazard and mitigation plans.Environmental research · 2022Review
- Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Acute Kidney Injury Caused byPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Membrane rigidity regulates E. coli proliferation rates.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Novel Pharmacotherapies in Parkinson's Disease.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nicotine is perhaps the most important and potent, pharmacologically active substance in tobacco products. This commentary examines the possible effects that nicotine has on microbial viability and also on the host's immune system as it responds to the indigenous microflora (the microbiome) due to nicotine-induced changes to the indigenous microbial environment and any associated antigenic stimulation / immunization that may occur. To our knowledge, the analysis of such profound microbiologic changes attributable to a tobacco-related product, such as nicotine, has not been fully explored in the context of its consequences on the viability of the microbiome/microbiota and on some of the host's basic physiologic processes, such as the immune response, and its possible association on the induction and persistence of certain immunologically related diseases. Future studies should be aimed at uncovering the molecular mechanisms involved in such interactions, especially in the context of manipulating them for therapeutic purposes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.