ReviewTransboundary and emerging diseases2021
Stability of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses in the environment and on common touch surfaces and the influence of climatic conditions: A review.
Review in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 240 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
240 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of temperature and humidity on SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Surface contamination with SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review.The Science of the total environment · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of classroom cleaning on student health: a longitudinal study.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2022Trial
- Hitting Coronaviruses Where It Hurts: Antiviral Strategies Targeting Viral Proteins.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
- Advances in Ozone-Based Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2: An Updated Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Peptide Probe-Based NanoLC-MS/MS PRM for Ultrasensitive Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins in Environmental Samples.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Declined Circulation and Seasonal Shifts of Human Coronavirus 229E in the Republic of Korea: Implications for Respiratory Virus Surveillance.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Environmental metagenomics enhances detection of circulating viruses from live poultry markets in Cambodia.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Nanostructured surfaces for enveloped virus inactivation: mechanisms and fabrication strategies.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Determining farm surface porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) contamination through viability RT-qPCR.PloS one · 2026Article
- Insights into the mechanisms of infection transmission via inanimate surfaces.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Aerosolization effects on coronavirus infectivity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Integrated monitoring of enveloped viruses in hospital environments: Detection, persistence, and implications for infection control.PloS one · 2026Article
- Evaluation of respiratory virus transmissibility and resilience from fomites: the case of 11 SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolates.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Survival and transmission fitness of SARS-CoV-2 over the time-of-flight in an aerosolization chamber.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- Viral Inactivation by Light-Emitting Diodes: Action Spectra Reveal Genomic Damage as the Primary Mechanism.Viruses · 2025Article
- Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on frequently touched surfaces in selected areas in Accra, Ghana.Ghana medical journal · 2025Article
- One Health serosurveillance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in domestic animals from the metropolitan area of Panama.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- Genomic, socio-environmental, and sequencing capability patterns in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Latin America and the Caribbean up to 2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Human Source Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Aerosol Transmission to Remote Sentinel Hamsters.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
180 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although the unprecedented efforts the world has been taking to control the spread of the human coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its causative aetiology [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)], the number of confirmed cases has been increasing drastically. Therefore, there is an urgent need for devising more efficient preventive measures, to limit the spread of the infection until an effective treatment or vaccine is available. The preventive measures depend mainly on the understanding of the transmission routes of this virus, its environmental stability, and its persistence on common touch surfaces. Due to the very limited knowledge about SARS-CoV-2, we can speculate its stability in the light of previous studies conducted on other human and animal coronaviruses. In this review, we present the available data on the stability of coronaviruses (CoVs), including SARS-CoV-2, from previous reports to help understand its environmental survival. According to available data, possible airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been suggested. SARS-CoV-2 and other human and animal CoVs have remarkably short persistence on copper, latex and surfaces with low porosity as compared to other surfaces like stainless steel, plastics, glass and highly porous fabrics. It has also been reported that SARS-CoV-2 is associated with diarrhoea and that it is shed in the faeces of COVID-19 patients. Some CoVs show persistence in human excrement, sewage and waters for a few days. These findings suggest a possible risk of faecal-oral, foodborne and waterborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in developing countries that often use sewage-polluted waters in irrigation and have poor water treatment systems. CoVs survive longer in the environment at lower temperatures and lower relative humidity. It has been suggested that large numbers of COVID-19 cases are associated with cold and dry climates in temperate regions of the world and that seasonality of the virus spread is suspected.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.