Observational studyAnnals of medicine2020
24-h urinary sodium excretion and the risk of adverse outcomes.
Observational study in Annals of medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multiple 24-Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretions and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Salt intake among adults in Kuwait: a nationally representative study using 24-hour urinary sodium excretion.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Elevated urinary sodium thresholds in high-salt diet heart failure: implications for diuretic resistance diagnosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of low sodium and high potassium diet on lowering blood pressure and cardiovascular events.Clinical hypertension · 2024Review
- Sodium - a systematic review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.Food & nutrition research · 2024Review
- Association of sodium intake with diabetes in adults without hypertension: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2018.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- How to prevent non-communicable diseases? - A continuous need for a better understanding of the role of nutritional factors through scientific research.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Review
- Increased salt intake is associated with diabetes and characteristic dietary habits: a community-based cross-sectional study in Japan.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsThe objective was to evaluate whether sodium intake, assessed with the gold standard 24-h urinary collections, was related to long-term incidence of death, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM).
methodsA cohort of 4630 individuals aged 25-64 years collected 24-h urine samples in 1979-2002 and were followed up to 14 years for the incidence of any CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure (HF) and DM event, and death. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between the baseline salt intake and incident events and adjusted for baseline age, body mass index, serum cholesterol, prevalent DM, and stratified by sex and cohort baseline year.
resultsDuring the follow-up, we observed 423 deaths, 424 CVD events (288 CHD events, 142 strokes, 139 HF events) and 161 DM events. Compared with the highest quartile of salt intake, persons in the lowest quartile had a lower incidence of CVD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.95,
conclusionHigh sodium intake is associated with an increased incidence of CVD and DM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.