ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2020
Parkinson disease clinical subtypes: key features & clinical milestones.
Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07024875 (Precision Neuroimaging of Parkinson's Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Precision Neuroimaging of Parkinson's Disease
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal brain morphometry in Parkinson's disease clinical subtypes: Distinct signatures forecast behavioral change within subtypes.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Article
- Timing of device-aided therapy initiation in Parkinson's disease: reference estimates for healthcare planning and biological heterogeneity.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Article
- LACE-UP: An ensemble machine-learning method for health subtype classification on multidimensional binary data.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Differential gait features across Parkinson's disease clinical subtypes.Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) · 2025Article
- Risk factors and predictors for Lewy body dementia: a systematic review.NPJ dementia · 2025Article
- Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Psychosis-A Systematic Review and Multi-Methods Approach.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Disease progression subtypes of Parkinson's disease based on milestone events.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Replication and reliability of Parkinson's disease clinical subtypes.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2024Article
- Prevalence, treatment, and neural correlates of apathy in different forms of dementia: a narrative review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Review
- Microglia and Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Large-scale rare variant burden testing in Parkinson's disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Access to device-aided therapies in advanced Parkinson's disease: navigating clinician biases, patient preference, and prognostic uncertainty.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023Review
- A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study of a Transcranial Photobiomodulation Helmet in Parkinson's Disease: Post-Hoc Analysis of Motor Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Brain Degeneration in Synucleinopathies Based on Analysis of Cognition and Other Nonmotor Features: A Multimodal Imaging Study.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Chaudhuri's Dashboard of Vitals in Parkinson's syndrome: an unmet need underpinned by real life clinical tests.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Comprehensive Evaluation of Psychotic Features and Their Clinical Correlates in Early Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2023Article
- Review
- Dysautonomia and REM sleep behavior disorder contributions to progression of Parkinson's disease phenotypes.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2022Article
- Apathy in Parkinson's Disease: Defining the Park Apathy Subtype.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesBased on multi-domain classification of Parkinson disease (PD) subtypes, we sought to determine the key features that best differentiate subtypes and the utility of PD subtypes to predict clinical milestones.
methodsProspective cohort of 162 PD participants with ongoing, longitudinal follow-up. Latent class analysis (LCA) delineated subtypes based on score patterns across baseline motor, cognitive, and psychiatric measures. Discriminant analyses identified key features that distinguish subtypes at baseline. Cox regression models tested PD subtype differences in longitudinal conversion to clinical milestones, including deep brain stimulation (DBS), dementia, and mortality.
resultsLCA identified distinct subtypes: "motor only" (N = 63) characterized by primary motor deficits; "psychiatric & motor" (N = 17) characterized by prominent psychiatric symptoms and moderate motor deficits; "cognitive & motor" (N = 82) characterized by impaired cognition and moderate motor deficits. Depression, executive function, and apathy best discriminated subtypes. Since enrollment, 22 had DBS, 48 developed dementia, and 46 have died. Although there were no subtype differences in rate of DBS, dementia occurred at a higher rate in the "cognitive & motor" subtype. Surprisingly, mortality risk was similarly elevated for both "cognitive & motor" and "psychiatric & motor" subtypes compared to the "motor only" subtype (relative risk = 3.15, 2.60).
interpretationPsychiatric and cognitive features, rather than motor deficits, distinguish clinical PD subtypes and predict greater risk of subsequent dementia and mortality. These results emphasize the value of multi-domain assessments to better characterize clinical variability in PD. Further, differences in dementia and mortality rates demonstrate the prognostic utility of PD subtypes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.