ArticlePsychopharmacology2020
Caffeine intake and cognitive functions in children.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Caffeinated Brain Part 1: The Effects of Caffeine on Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)-A Systematic and Mechanistic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Untangling relationships between cognitive development and child and adolescent mental health: Findings from the ABCD Study.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Review
- Examining recent effects of caffeine on default mode network and dorsal attention network anticorrelation in youth.PloS one · 2025Article
- Gaming disorder and problematic caffeine consumption in adolescents: a narrative review and public health framework.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Chronic Caffeine Consumption, Alone or Combined with Agomelatine or Quetiapine, Reduces the Maximum EEG Peak, As Linked to Cortical Neurodegeneration, Ovarian Estrogen Receptor Alpha, and Melatonin Receptor 2.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Caffeine intake and its association with nutrition, sleep, and physical activity among schoolchildren in the United Arab Emirates: a national cross-sectional study.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Determinants of pupils' energy drink consumption - Findings from a Hungarian primary school.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Sleep Quality and Duration in Children That Consume Caffeine: Impact of Dose and Genetic Variation inGenes · 2023Article
- Coffee consumption and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older adults: should we consider cognitive function?Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Energy drinks at adolescence: Awareness or unawareness?Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
- Editorial: Alcohol and energy drinks: is this a really good mix?Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Review
- Caffeine exposure in utero is associated with structural brain alterations and deleterious neurocognitive outcomes in 9-10 year old children.Neuropharmacology · 2021Article
- Comments on "Caffeine intake and cognitive functions in children by Zhang, Lee and Qiu".Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleThere is a growing concern over excessive caffeine use and development of caffeine use disorder in children.
objectivesThis study aimed to identify the association between caffeine intake and cognitive functioning in children.
methodsThis study included 11,718 youths aged 9-10 years with cognitive and caffeine intake information that were extracted from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The ABCD study is a longitudinal cohort study started in 2017 that aims to understand the relationships between substance use and neurocognition in youths living in the USA. Cognitive measures were obtained through the 7 core cognitive instruments from the NIH toolbox (vocabulary comprehension, reading decoding, inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, and episodic memory). Associations between caffeine intake and the seven cognitive functions were examined using multiple regression models.
resultsOur study revealed that caffeine intake negatively correlated with all the seven cognitive measures. After adjustment for age, gender, sleep, and socioeconomic status (SES), caffeine intake was still found to be negatively associated with most of the cognitive functions, such as vocabulary comprehension, working memory, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, and episodic memory, except reading decoding, and inhibitory control.
conclusionsAs beverages with caffeine are consumed frequently, controlling their intake may reduce a risk for nonoptimal cognitive development in children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.