ReviewJournal of anesthesia2020
General anesthesia affecting on developing brain: evidence from animal to clinical research.
Review in Journal of anesthesia, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Using Virtual Reality in Pediatric Pre-intervention Echocardiograms to Decrease Child Anxiety and Fear.Pediatric cardiology · 2025Trial
- Clinical Observation of General Anesthesia Combined with Spinal Anesthesia in Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.BioMed research international · 2022Trial
- Exposure to anesthesia during delivery and risk of autism spectrum disorder: A retrospective cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Low-Dose Sevoflurane Restores Prefrontal Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance and Improves Autism-Like Social Behavior: A Preclinical and Pilot Clinical Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- [Interpretation of Standard on Clinical Dental Treatment for Children under General Anesthesia Orsedation].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2025Article
- Article
- Challenges in database research for anesthetic neurotoxicity.Journal of anesthesia · 2025Article
- Association between general anesthesia for cesarean delivery and subsequent developmental disorders in children: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- The SAP130/Mincle axis was involved in sevoflurane-induced neuronal death and microglial activation in juvenile mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Up-regulation of miR-490-3p improves learning/memory disability of sevoflurane exposure by relieving neuroinflammation.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- Morphometric analysis of the female reproductive tract: influence of long-term inhalation of trace amounts of sevoflurane.Journal of molecular histology · 2024Article
- Association between general anesthesia in early childhood and neurodevelopment up to 4 years of age: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Journal of anesthesia · 2024Article
- Article
- Intelligent ultrafast total-body PET for sedation-free pediatric [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2024Article
- Article
- Let Kids Play: Using Virtual Reality as a Substitute for General Anesthesia for Minor Procedures in Pediatric Population.Journal of pediatric surgery · 2024Review
- Screening of potential biomarkers in propofol-induced neurotoxicity via bioinformatics prediction and experimental verification.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Childhood anaesthesia and autism risk: population and murine study.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Tandem pediatric neurosurgery: treatment of synostosis and intractable epilepsy. Illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2023Article
- Machine Learning Technology for EEG-Forecast of the Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage and the Activation of the Brain's Drainage System during Isoflurane Anesthesia.Biomolecules · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As the recent update of General anaesthesia compared to spinal anaesthesia (GAS) studies has been published in 2019, together with other clinical evidence, the human studies provided an overwhelming mixed evidence of an association between anaesthesia exposure in early childhood and later neurodevelopment changes in children. Pre-clinical studies in animals provided strong evidence on how anaesthetic and sedative agents (ASAs) causing neurotoxicity in developing brain and deficits in long-term cognitive functions. However pre-clinical results cannot translate to clinical practice directly. Three well designed large population-based human studies strongly indicated that a single brief exposure to general anesthesia (GAs) is not associated with any long-term neurodevelopment deficits in children's brain. Multiple exposure might cause decrease in processing speed and motor skills of children. However, the association between GAs and neurodevelopment in children is still inconclusive. More clinical studies with larger scale observations, randomized trials with longer duration exposure of GAs and follow-ups, more sensitive outcome measurements, and strict confounder controls are needed in the future to provide more conclusive and informative data. New research area has been developed to contribute in finding solutions for clinical practice as attenuating the neurotoxic effect of ASAs. Xenon and Dexmedetomidine are already used in clinical setting as neuroprotection and anaesthetic sparing-effect, but more research is still needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.