ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2020
Epidemiological characteristics of the first 100 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, a city with a stringent containment policy.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing changes in incubation period, serial interval, and generation time of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- The incubation period of COVID-19: a global meta-analysis of 53 studies and a Chinese observation study of 11 545 patients.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2021Pooled it
- An observational study on imported COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong during mandatory on-arrival hotel quarantine.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Dining-Out Behavior as a Proxy for the Superspreading Potential of SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Modeling Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Estimation of Vaccine Effectiveness of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 Against Severe Outcomes Over Time Among Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Omicron.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- A Trendline and Predictive Analysis of the First-Wave COVID-19 Infections in Malta.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and quarantine assessment of imported international COVID-19 cases, March to December 2020, Chengdu, China.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Characterization of Unlinked Cases of COVID-19 and Implications for Contact Tracing Measures: Retrospective Analysis of Surveillance Data.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2021Article
- COVID-19 transmission in Hong Kong despite universal masking.The Journal of infection · 2021Article
- In pursuit of the right tail for the COVID-19 incubation period.Public health · 2021Review
- Change in eating habits and physical activities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study via random telephone survey.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021Article
- Confusion about the definition of imported cases in the early stage of the epidemic.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Article
- Epidemiology, clinical spectrum, viral kinetics and impact of COVID-19 in the Asia-Pacific region.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2021Review
- Stay-at-home policy is a case of exception fallacy: an internet-based ecological study.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Viral, Host, and Environmental Factors.Annals of internal medicine · 2021Review
- Epidemiological Characteristics and Factors Associated with Critical Time Intervals of COVID-19 in Eighteen Provinces, China: A Retrospective Study.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Article
- Stringent containment measures without complete city lockdown to achieve low incidence and mortality across two waves of COVID-19 in Hong Kong.BMJ global health · 2020Article
- Change in disease burden associated with influenza and air pollutants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong.Digital healthArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHong Kong (HK) is a densely populated city near the epicentre of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Stringent border control together with aggressive case finding, contact tracing, social distancing and quarantine measures were implemented to halt the importation and spread of the virus.
methodsWe performed an epidemiological study using government information covering the first 100 confirmed cases to examine the epidemic curve, incidence, clusters, reproduction number (Rt), incubation period and time to containment.
resultsA total of 93 of the 100 cases were HK residents (6 infected in Mainland China, 10 on the Diamond Princess Cruise). Seven were visitors infected in Mainland China before entering HK. The majority (76%) were aged ≥45 years, and the incidence increased with age (P < 0.001). Escalation of border control measures correlated with a decrease in the proportion (62.5% to 0%) of cases imported from Mainland China, and a reduction in Rt (1.07 to 0.75). The median incubation period was 4.2 days [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.0-4.5; 5th and 95th percentiles: 1.3 and 14.0). Most clusters with identifiable epidemiological links were households involving 2-4 people. Three medium-spreading events were identified: two from New Year gatherings (6-11 people), and another from environmental contamination of a worship hall (12 people). Despite intensified contact tracing, containment was delayed in 78.9% of cases (mean = 5.96 days, range = 0-24 days). An unusual transmission in a multi-storey building via faulty toilet plumbing was suspected with >100 residents evacuated overnight. Our analysis indicated that faulty plumbing was unlikely to be the source of this transmission.
conclusionTimely stringent containment policies minimized the importation and transmission of COVID-19 in HK.
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