ArticleNature immunology2020
Chd4 choreographs self-antigen expression for central immune tolerance.
Article in Nature immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Histone and Histone Acetylation-Related Alterations of Gene Expression in Uninvolved Psoriatic Skin and Their Effects on Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Immune Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- In vivo CRISPR screens identify dual functions of DNMT3A in mediating tumor immune evasion.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Thymic alveolar type 2 epithelial mimetic cells revealed by RUNX1 deficiency.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Foxp1 controls Fezf2-dependent gene expression, mimetic mTEC diversity, and thymic central tolerance.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Runx3 instructs AireJournal of autoimmunity · 2026Article
- From Development to Aging: Dynamic Roles of the Thymic Medulla in T Cell Biology.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Fezf2 regulates differentiation of Aire-expressing and post-Aire mimetic epithelial populations maintaining thymic homeostasis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Prognostic chromatin remodeling signature stratifies survival outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma patients.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis of thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis: a narrative review.Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) · 2025Review
- Thymic Crosstalk: An Overview of the Complex Cellular Interactions that Control the Establishment of T-Cell Tolerance.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- The Ins and Outs of Thymic Epithelial Cell Differentiation and Function.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Transcript splicing optimizes the thymic self-antigen repertoire to suppress autoimmunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Thymic Mimetic Cells: Ontogeny as Immunology.Annual review of cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Crinophagic granules in pancreatic β cells contribute to mouse autoimmune diabetes by diversifying pathogenic epitope repertoire.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The Proteostasis of Thymic Stromal Cells in Health and Diseases.The protein journal · 2024Review
- Aire in Autoimmunity.Annual review of immunology · 2024Review
- Functionally diverse thymic medullary epithelial cells interplay to direct central tolerance.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Immune tolerance and the prevention of autoimmune diseases essentially depend on thymic tissue homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Dysregulation of epigenetic modifications in inborn errors of immunity.Epigenomics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Autoreactive T cells are eliminated in the thymus to prevent autoimmunity by promiscuous expression of tissue-restricted self-antigens in medullary thymic epithelial cells. This expression is dependent on the transcription factor Fezf2, as well as the transcriptional regulator Aire, but the entire picture of the transcriptional program has been obscure. Here, we found that the chromatin remodeler Chd4, also called Mi-2β, plays a key role in the self-antigen expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells. To maximize the diversity of self-antigen expression, Fezf2 and Aire utilized completely distinct transcriptional mechanisms, both of which were under the control of Chd4. Chd4 organized the promoter regions of Fezf2-dependent genes, while contributing to the Aire-mediated induction of self-antigens via super-enhancers. Mice deficient in Chd4 specifically in thymic epithelial cells exhibited autoimmune phenotypes, including T cell infiltration. Thus, Chd4 plays a critical role in integrating Fezf2- and Aire-mediated gene induction to establish central immune tolerance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.