ArticleScientific reports2020
The shutting down of the insulin pathway: a developmental window for Wolbachia load and feminization.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Heterogeneous associations between sex-ratio distorters and mitochondrial haplotypes in U.S. populations of Armadillidium vulgare.Genetica · 2026Article
- Elevated Temperatures Disrupt Wolbachia-Induced Feminisation and Reshape Microbial Community Dynamics Across Generations in a Spider Host.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Symbiont-mediated feminization imposes unavoidable host fitness costs.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Single-cell genome analysis of a feminizingMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Wolbachia Feminises a Spider Host With Assistance From Co-Infecting Symbionts.Environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Alien spiders in a palm house with the first report of parthenogenetic Triaeris stenaspis (Araneae: Oonopidae) infected by Wolbachia from new supergroup X.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Three feminizingFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Pillbug: A Toolbox for Feminisation.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Male-killing virus in a noctuid mothProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- The cellular lives of Wolbachia.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- Establishment of Wolbachia infection in Aedes aegypti from Pakistan via embryonic microinjection and semi-field evaluation of general fitness of resultant mosquito population.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Article
- The "IAG-Switch"-A Key Controlling Element in Decapod Crustacean Sex Differentiation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Using the isopod Armadillidium vulgare as a case study, we review the significance of the "bacterial dosage model", which connects the expression of the extended phenotype to the rise of the Wolbachia load. In isopods, the Insulin-like Androgenic Gland hormone (IAG) induces male differentiation: Wolbachia feminizes males through insulin resistance, presumably through defunct insulin receptors. This should prevent an autocrine development of the androgenic glands so that females differentiate instead: feminization should translate as IAG silencing and increased Wolbachia load in the same developmental window. In line with the autocrine model, uninfected males expressed IAG from the first larval stage on, long before the androgenic gland primordia begin to differentiate, and exponentially throughout development. In contrast in infected males, expression fully stopped at stage 4 (juvenile), when male differentiation begins. This co-occurred with the only significant rise in the Wolbachia load throughout the life-stages. Concurrently, the raw expression of the bacterial Secretion Systems co-increased, but they were not over-expressed relative to the number of bacteria. The isopod model leads to formulate the "bacterial dosage model" throughout extended phenotypes as the conjunction between bacterial load as the mode of action, timing of multiplication (pre/post-zygotic), and site of action (soma vs. germen).
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