ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Sex differences in neutrophil biology modulate response to type I interferons and immunometabolism.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04690816 (The Natural History of Coronavirus Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 125 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Natural History of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases; An Observational Prospective Study
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 198 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in Perihematomal Edema Volume and Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Neurocritical care · 2024Trial
- Neutrophil serine proteases inhibit thermogenic capacity of visceral white adipose tissue.Nature metabolism · 2026Article
- Female endurance athletes show a reduced plasma cell-free DNA response to all-out and 3-h cycling compared to male counterparts.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Evaluation of neutrophil oxidative burst capacity in relation to major adverse cardiac events and infection in patients with cardiovascular disease.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- An immune-associated mitochondrial DNA variant with sex differences reveals a putative novel microprotein called MASL.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- Crosstalk mediators implicated in the Stevens-Johnson Syndrome through gene regulatory network analysis.BMC medical genomics · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Transcriptomic Profiles in Psoriatic Lesions: A Large-Scale Integrative Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Alzheimer's Disease Risk Factor APOE4 Exerts Dimorphic Effects on Female Bone.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Sex-specific effects of 17-β-estradiol and bisphenol A on neutrophil function and phenotype - does centrifugation matter?Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- The IL-1β/NETs/AIM2 axis participates in the formation of trauma-induced heterotopic ossification by orchestrating crosstalk between neutrophils and macrophages.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Dynamics of neutrophilia at the neurovascular unit arising from repeated pulmonary inflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Impact of sex on the association between neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio and mortality in perioperative patients with chronic kidney disease: a retrospective analysis of the INSPIRE database.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2026Article
- Differential disease tolerance mediates sex-biased illness severity in sepsis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Knowledge gaps and research priorities to understand sex differences in immunity.PLoS biology · 2026Review
- Exploratory analysis of the impact of sex on sputum proteomic response to inhaled wood smoke in humans.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Neutrophils and NETosis in polycystic ovary syndrome: unraveling the immuno-metabolic thromboinflammatory axis.European journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Peritoneal neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to septic AKI via peritoneal IL-17A and distant organ CXCL-1/ CXCL-2 pathway in abdominal sepsis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrated analysis of sex differences in human dendritic cell, monocyte, and natural killer cell subsets.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in immune cells: mechanistic perspectives and clinical correlates in physiology and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The hormone-microbiota-NET framework in gynecologic diseases: evidence, controversies, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Differences between female and male immunity may contribute to variations in response to infections and predisposition to autoimmunity. We previously reported that neutrophils from reproductive-age males are more immature and less activated than their female counterparts. To further characterize the mechanisms that drive differential neutrophil phenotypes, we performed RNA sequencing on circulating neutrophils from healthy adult females and males. Female neutrophils displayed significant up-regulation of type I IFN (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs). Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that these differences are neutrophil specific, driven by a distinct neutrophil subset and related to maturation status. Neutrophil hyperresponsiveness to type I IFNs promoted enhanced responses to Toll-like receptor agonists. Neutrophils from young adult males had significantly increased mitochondrial metabolism compared to those from females and this was modulated by estradiol. Assessment of ISGs and neutrophil maturation genes in Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY) males and in prepubescent children supported that differences in neutrophil phenotype between adult male and female neutrophils are hormonally driven and not explained by X chromosome gene dosage. Our results indicate that there are distinct sex differences in neutrophil biology related to responses to type I IFNs, immunometabolism, and maturation status that may have prominent functional and pathogenic implications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.