ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
IL-38 inhibits microglial inflammatory mediators and is decreased in amygdala of children with autism spectrum disorder.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Atypical cytokine profiles in people on the autism spectrum: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis including 54 cytokines.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Immunobiological Properties and Clinical Applications of Interleukin-38 for Immune-Mediated Disorders: A Systematic Review Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Mast Cells Accumulate in the Stroma of Breast Adenocarcinoma and Secrete Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Tumor-Damaging Mediators: Could IL-37 and IL-38 Play an Anti-Tumor Role?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- HMC3 revealed: how much do these "Microglia" really tell us?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Electroacupuncture ameliorates Autism Spectrum Disorder via modulating the gut-brain axis depending on the integrity of vagus nerve.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Full-length and N-terminally truncated recombinant interleukin-38 variants are similarly inefficient in antagonizing interleukin-36 and interleukin-1 receptors.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Nobiletin and Eriodictyol Suppress Release of IL-1β, CXCL8, IL-6, and MMP-9 from LPS, SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein, and Ochratoxin A-Stimulated Human Microglia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The role of interleukin-37 and interleukin-38 in the development and remission of autism spectrum disorder: a comprehensive review of neuroinflammatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Full-Spectrum Low-THCBiomolecules · 2024Article
- Mast Cells in Autism Spectrum Disorder-The Enigma to Be Solved?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Emerging functions and therapeutic targets of IL-38 in central nervous system diseases.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- The Impact of Microglia on Neurodevelopment and Brain Function in Autism.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Neurovascular unit, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration markers in brain disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Interleukin-38 and Insulin Resistance.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory approaches in managing lung inflammation in COVID-19: A double-edge sword.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- The emerging role of IL-38 in diseases: A comprehensive review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Microglia and astrocytes underlie neuroinflammation and synaptic susceptibility in autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Clinical relevance and therapeutic potential of IL-38 in immune and non-immune-related disordersEuropean cytokine network · 2022Review
- Role of Brain Modulators in Neurodevelopment: Focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associated Comorbidities.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Calprotectin and Imbalances between Acute-Phase Mediators Are Associated with Critical Illness in COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social interactions and communication. The pathogenesis of ASD is not known, but it involves activation of microglia. We had shown that the peptide neurotensin (NT) is increased in the serum of children with ASD and stimulates cultured adult human microglia to secrete the proinflammatory molecules IL-1β and CXCL8. This process is inhibited by the cytokine IL-37. Another cytokine, IL-38, has been reported to have antiinflammatory actions. In this report, we show that pretreatment of cultured adult human microglia with recombinant IL-38 (aa3-152, 1-100 ng/mL) inhibits (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.