ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2020
Neighborhood walkability and pre-diabetes incidence in a multiethnic population.
Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic inequalities in exposure to neighbourhood environments for physical activity: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Pooled it
- Neighborhood Walkability and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Longitudinal Study in New York City.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Association of Park Size, Access and Neighbourhood Walkability with Physical Activity and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Multilevel Diabetes Prevention Interventions to Address Population Inequities in Diabetes Risk: Scoping Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Association of neighbourhood walkability and haemoglobin A1c levels among Latino and non-Hispanic White patients with diabetes.Family practice · 2024Article
- Association between area-level walkability and glycated haemoglobin: a Portuguese population-based study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Neighborhood Walkability Is Associated with Physical Activity and Prediabetes in a Behavioral Weight Loss Study: a Secondary Analysis.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2023Article
- Association of community walkability and glycemic control among pregnant individuals with pregestational diabetes mellitus.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2023Article
- Review
- The National Clinical Care Commission Report to Congress: Background, Methods, and Foundational Recommendations.Diabetes care · 2023Review
- The Weight of Place: Built Environment Correlates of Obesity and Diabetes.Endocrine reviews · 2022Review
- Impact of land use and food environment on risk of type 2 diabetes: A national study of veterans, 2008-2018.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Neighborhood Environment and Metabolic Risk in Hispanics/Latinos From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Neighbourhood Walkability and Risk of Diabetes: Causal Relationship or Epidemiologic Association?Current diabetes reports · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWe examined whether adults living in highly walkable areas are less likely to develop pre-diabetes and if so, whether this association is consistent according to immigration status and ethnicity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsPopulation-level health, immigration, and administrative databases were used to identify adults aged 20-64 (n=1 128 181) who had normoglycemia between January 2011 and December 2011 and lived in one of 15 cities in Southern Ontario, Canada. Individuals were assigned to one of ten deciles (D) of neighborhood walkability (from lowest (D1) to highest (D10)) and followed until December 2013 for the development of pre-diabetes.
resultsOverall, 220 225 individuals in our sample developed pre-diabetes during a median follow-up of 8.4 years. Pre-diabetes incidence was 20% higher among immigrants living in the least (D1) (adjusted HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.25, p<0.0001) versus most (D10, referent) walkable neighborhoods after accounting for age, sex, and area income. Findings were similar among long-term residents and across sexes. However, susceptibility to walkability varied by ethnicity where D1 versus D10 adjusted HRs ranged from 1.17 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.35, p=0.03) among West Asian and Arab immigrants to 1.32 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.47, p<0.0001) in Southeast Asians. Ethnic variation in pre-diabetes incidence was more marked in low walkability settings. Relative to Western Europeans, the adjusted HR for pre-diabetes incidence was 2.11 (95% CI 1.81 to 2.46, p<0.0001) and 1.50 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.77, p<0.0001) among Sub-Saharan African and the Carribean and Latin American immigrants, respectively, living in the least walkable (D1) neighborhoods, but only 1.24 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.42, p=0.002) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.15, p=0.99) for these same groups living in the most walkable (D10) neighborhoods.
conclusionsPre-diabetes incidence was reduced in highly walkable areas for most groups living in Southern Ontario cities. These findings suggest a potential role for walkable urban design in diabetes prevention.
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