ReviewJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)2020
COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA)-From Immunology to Treatment.
Review in Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 227 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
227 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 421 citations in OpenAlex.
- CT findings of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: a systematic review and individual patient data analysis.Clinical imaging · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Antifungal therapy in the management of fungal secondary infections in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature.Mycopathologia · 2021Pooled it
- Contact-independent antagonistic activity of endophytic Diaporthe biconispora PBS24-3 against Penicillium spp.: dual culture, culture filtrate, metabolomics, and molecular network analysis.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- COVID-19-Associated Fungal Co-Infections: Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Strategies of Antifungal Resistance in Filamentous Fungi.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Aspergillosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Candida species identified by MAL-DI-TOF and antifungal susceptibility in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Peru.Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica · 2026Observational
- Climate change-driven geographical shifts iniScience · 2026Article
- Primary Therapy for Invasive Aspergillosis With Triazoles or L-AmB: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Pathogen-specific IgE-reactive cytosolic allergenic epitopes of Aspergillus fumigatus for immunodiagnostic/immunotherapeutic applications against allergic aspergillosis.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2026Article
- Multidisciplinary collaborative treatment of a rare case of chronic hemoptysis: diagnostic and therapeutic insights from a 7-year clinical course.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Amplified inflammatory and immune responses in viral-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Azole drugs have differential efficacy in varied models of immunosuppression in larval zebrafish hosts.Future microbiology · 2025Article
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Due to COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis with Rare Extensive Tracheobronchial Pseudomembranous Involvement: A Case Report.Mycopathologia · 2025Article
- Increasing the Sensitivity of Aspergillus Galactomannan ELISA Using Silver Nanoparticle-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Aspergillosis: A comprehensive review of pathogenesis, drug resistance, and emerging therapeutics.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2025Review
- Characterization of COVID-19-Associated Candidemia Among Burn Patients.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
167 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Like severe influenza, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has emerged as an important disease that predisposes patients to secondary pulmonary aspergillosis, with 35 cases of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) published until June 2020. The release of danger-associated molecular patterns during severe COVID-19 results in both pulmonary epithelial damage and inflammatory disease, which are predisposing risk factors for pulmonary aspergillosis. Moreover, collateral effects of host recognition pathways required for the activation of antiviral immunity may, paradoxically, contribute to a highly permissive inflammatory environment that favors fungal pathogenesis. Diagnosis of CAPA remains challenging, mainly because bronchoalveolar lavage fluid galactomannan testing and culture, which represent the most sensitive diagnostic tests for aspergillosis in the ICU, are hindered by the fact that bronchoscopies are rarely performed in COVID-19 patients due to the risk of disease transmission. Similarly, autopsies are rarely performed, which may result in an underestimation of the prevalence of CAPA. Finally, the treatment of CAPA is complicated by drug-drug interactions associated with broad spectrum azoles, renal tropism and damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, which may challenge the use of liposomal amphotericin B, as well as the emergence of azole-resistance. This clinical reality creates an urgency for new antifungal drugs currently in advanced clinical development with more promising pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.