ReviewWater research2020
Anthropogenic gadolinium in freshwater and drinking water systems.
Review in Water research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 176 citations in OpenAlex.
- ESR Essentials: gadolinium-wise MRI-practice recommendations by the European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology.European radiology · 2025Guideline
- Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance recommendations toward environmentally sustainable cardiovascular magnetic resonance.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2025Guideline
- Influence of virtual dynamic contrast enhanced breast MRI on lesion size, BI-RADS scores and reader confidence.European radiology · 2026Article
- The environmental impact of diagnostic imaging: opportunities for pediatric radiologists.Pediatric radiology · 2026Review
- Rare Earth Elements in Testicular Function: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Rare Earth Element and Yttrium Fingerprints in Human Kidney Stones: Tracing Environmental Exposure and Pathological Mineralization Pathway.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Integrated plant and rhizosphere response to gadolinium exposure in hydroponically grown tomato plants.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Sustainability of contrast-enhanced breast imaging: a review of current evidence.Insights into imaging · 2026Review
- Preserving Gadolinium Speciation in Environmental Waters: Establishing Hold Times and Storage Protocols for Reliable Analysis.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Monitoring carotid arterial stiffness using non-contrast-enhanced 4D MR angiography.European radiology experimental · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect of distributing urine-collection bags on contrast-material load in wastewater.European radiology · 2026Observational
- Sustainability and Climate Change Awareness, Attitudes, and Perceptions in Radiology: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kuwait.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Gadolinium Pollution-A Future Forward Perspective on Human and Environmental Impact.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Review
- Radiofrequency bandwidth effects in direct saturation dynamic glucose enhanced MRI at 3T.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Environmental impact of portable MRI in remote Canadian settings.Frontiers in neuroimaging · 2026Article
- From electron spin to relaxivity: a multidisciplinary perspective on first-row transition metal-based MRI probes.Chemical science · 2025Review
- Simulating dynamic tumor contrast enhancement in breast MRI using conditional generative adversarial networks.Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.) · 2025Article
- Gadolinium Intermediate Elimination and Persistent Symptoms After Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent Exposure.Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS · 2025Article
- Functional Pulmonary Imaging.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The increasing use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) for magnetic resonance imaging is leading to widespread contamination of freshwater and drinking water systems. Contrary to previous assumptions that GBCAs are stable throughout the water cycle, they can degrade. The stability of GBCAs depends largely on their organic ligands, but also on the physicochemical conditions. There is specific concern regarding UV end-of-pipe water treatments, which may degrade GBCAs. Degradation products in drinking water supplies can increase the risk of adverse health effects. This is of particular relevance where the raw water for drinking water production has a higher proportion of recycled wastewater. GBCAs concentrations in aquatic systems, often referred to as anthropogenic gadolinium, are determined using a variety of calculation methods. Where anthropogenic gadolinium concentrations are low, the inconsistent use of these methods results in high discrepancies and high levels of uncertainty. The current COVID-19 crisis will, in the short-term, drastically decrease the input of GBCAs to freshwater systems. Temporal variations in anthropogenic gadolinium concentrations in river water can be used to better understand river-aquifer interactions and groundwater flow velocities. Collecting urine from all patients following MRI examinations could be a way forward to halt the generally increasing concentrations of Gd in drinking water systems and recover this technologically critical element.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.