Observational studyAlimentary pharmacology & therapeutics2020
Regular use of proton pump inhibitor and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: a prospective cohort study.
Observational study in Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regular use of proton-pump inhibitors and risk of stroke: a population-based cohort study and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.BMC medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Association between prenatal exposure to acid-suppressive medications and subsequent risk of autoimmune diseases in offspring: a nationwide birth cohort study in South Korea.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Article
- Intestinal Permeability In Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Critical Therapeutic Priority.Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) · 2024Review
- Individualized prevention of proton pump inhibitor related adverse events by risk stratification.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The State of Use and Utility of Negative Controls in Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Review
- Protocol of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effect of probiotics on the gut microbiome of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease treated with rabeprazole.BMC gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion is associated with different proton pump inhibitor use: a pharmacovigilance study.BMC nephrology · 2022Article
- A Roadmap for Investigating Preclinical Autoimmunity Using Patient-Oriented and Epidemiologic Study Designs: Example of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Proton pump inhibitors and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A cohort study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
- Association Between Regular Use of Gastric Acid Suppressants and Subsequent Risk of Cholelithiasis: A Prospective Cohort Study of 0.47 Million Participants.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have a significant impact on the gut microbiome, which in turn, might increase the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
aimTo evaluate regular use of PPIs and risk of RA.
methodsThis is a prospective analysis of the US nurses who reported PPI use data, and were free of RA from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS 2002-2014) and NHS II (2003-2015). The exposure was regular use of PPI in the past 2 years, which was repeatedly evaluated in biennial surveys. RA was confirmed by the 1987 or 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria. We estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence interval (CIs) with time-dependent Cox regression adjusting for potential confounders.
resultsWe documented 421 cases of RA over 1 753 879 person-years of follow-up. Regular PPI users had a 44% higher risk of RA as compared with non-regular users (adjusted HR = 1.44; 95%CI, 1.10-1.89). The risk of RA increased with the total duration of PPI use (P-trend = 0.008). Compared with non-regular users, the adjusted HRs were 1.22 (95%CI, 0.93-1.62) for women with >0 to 4 years' use and 1.73 (95% CI, 1.14 to 2.61) for >4 years' use.
conclusionsRegular use of PPI was associated with increased risk of RA in women, with a higher risk observed in individuals with a longer duration of PPI use. Due to the observational study design, large prospective trials are still required to confirm our finding.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.