ReviewAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2020
Attributes, Fabrication, and Applications of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Particles.
Review in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed.
- Synergistic Mechano-Fluidic Self-Fusion of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Modified Liquid-Metal Particles for Post-Treatment-Free Soft Electronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Liquid Metal Electrodes: Material Properties, Interfacial Behavior, Fabrication, Performance, and Applications.Micromachines · 2026Review
- Liquid Metal Materials for Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Liquid Metals for Reconfigurable Bioelectronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Multiscale-structured miniaturized 3D force sensors.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Experimental Investigation into the Reactions Between Liquid Gallium and Inorganic Nitrogen Precursors (NMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Novel Vascular-Adaptive Liquid Metal Microspheres Enable Visualized Arterial Embolization Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Printable Liquid Metal-Textiles for Deformation-Insensitive and Electromagnetically Robust mmWave Devices.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Gallium-Based Liquid Metals: From Properties to Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ga-Based Liquid Metals: Advances in Interface Thermal and Electrical Regulations for Power Electronics Integration.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bioinspired Dual-Scale Crack Manipulation Enabling 325%-Stretchable Metal Film Conductors for AI-Empowered Electronic Skins.Nano-micro letters · 2026Article
- Screening and regulation of nanozyme activity via liquid metals coined electron rearrangement and phase engineering.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Textile-Scale Liquid-Metal Fibers with Strain-Invariant Conductivity Enable Absorption-Enhanced EMI Shielding.Nano-micro letters · 2026Article
- Universal cryogenic transfer of liquid metal particles in polymers for wafer-scale stretchable integrated electronics.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Broadband Achromatic Programmable Electromagnetic Camouflage via Fluidic-Accessible Metasurface.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Influence of temperature and pressure on preparing Ga nanowire arrays by press-based nanoinfiltration.Nanoscale advances · 2026Article
- Programmable Continuous Electrowetting of Liquid Metal for Reconfigurable Electronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Sustainable Liquid Metal Composites for Soft Electronics and E-Waste Reduction.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Skin-Integrated Soft Wearable XR Interfaces for Seamless and Realistic User Experience.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Gallium Liquid Metal Microdroplets for Constructing Active Therapeutic Agents in Photothermal Therapy of Ulcerative Colitis.Micromachines · 2025Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This work discusses the attributes, fabrication methods, and applications of gallium-based liquid metal particles. Gallium-based liquid metals combine metallic and fluidic properties at room temperature. Unlike mercury, which is toxic and has a finite vapor pressure, gallium possesses low toxicity and effectively zero vapor pressure at room temperature, which makes it amenable to many applications. A variety of fabrication methods produce liquid metal particles with variable sizes, ranging from nm to mm (which is the upper limit set by the capillary length). The liquid nature of gallium enables fabrication methods-such as microfluidics and sonication-that are not possible with solid materials. Gallium-based liquid metal particles possess several notable attributes, including a metal-metal oxide (liquid-solid) core-shell structure as well as the ability to self-heal, merge, and change shape. They also have unusual phase behavior that depends on the size of the particles. The particles have no known commercial applications, but they show promise for drug delivery, soft electronics, microfluidics, catalysis, batteries, energy harvesting, and composites. Existing challenges and future opportunities are discussed herein.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.