ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
The Dichotomous Responses Driven by β-Defensins.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Porcine Beta Defensin 2 Alleviates Apoptosis and Restores Proliferation in IPEC-J2 Cells Challenged with ETEC K88 by Inhibiting the Akt Signaling Pathway.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Article
- Antimicrobial Peptides and Systemic Inflammation: A Network Analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Biphasic Regulation of Epithelial Antimicrobial Peptides DuringJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Insights into Human Defensin Antimicrobial Activity from Membrane Simulations.The Journal of membrane biology · 2026Article
- Association Between Continuous Consumption of Yogurt Fermented withJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Breaking disulfide bonds in a weakly bactericidal α-defensin unleashes a potent antimicrobial peptide with an altered conformation.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Mental Health, Mucosal Immunity, and HIV Susceptibility Following Sexual Violence: Evidence from the THRIVE Study.Viruses · 2026Article
- Antifungal peptides: From modes of action to synergistic and immunologic potential.Cell stress · 2026Article
- Systemic Psoriasis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Global Management Strategies.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Mast cell activators as adjuvants for intranasal mucosal vaccines.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Piggybacking on nature: exploring the multifaceted world of porcine β-defensins.Veterinary research · 2025Review
- Investigating the Therapeutic Potential of Sericin Nanofibers and Rice-Encapsulated Nanosericin for Psoriasis: Mechanistic Insights from a 3D Skin Model.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Development of multi-epitope mRNA vaccine againstSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2024Article
- β-Defensin gene copy number variation in cattle.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Designing and development of multi-epitope chimeric vaccine against Helicobacter pylori by exploring its entire immunogenic epitopes: an immunoinformatic approach.BMC bioinformatics · 2023Article
- Effect of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy on Transcriptomic Changes in Canine Atopic Dermatitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A mechanistic evaluation of human beta defensin 2 mediated protection of human skin barrier in vitro.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Protective Barriers Provided by the Epidermis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Evaluation of human β‑defensins in the cerebrospinal fluid of suspected meningitis.Biomedical reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Defensins are short, rapidly evolving, cationic antimicrobial host defence peptides with a repertoire of functions, still incompletely realised, that extends beyond direct microbial killing. They are released or secreted at epithelial surfaces, and in some cases, from immune cells in response to infection and inflammation. Defensins have been described as endogenous alarmins, alerting the body to danger and responding to inflammatory signals by promoting both local innate and adaptive systemic immune responses. However, there is now increasing evidence that they exert variable control on the response to danger; creating a dichotomous response that can suppress inflammation in some circumstances but exacerbate the response to danger and damage in others and, at higher levels, lead to a cytotoxic effect. Focussing in this review on human β-defensins, we discuss the evidence for their functions as proinflammatory, immune activators amplifying the response to infection or damage signals and/or as mediators of resolution of damage, contributing to a return to homeostasis. Finally, we consider their involvement in the development of autoimmune diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.