ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2020
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia Are Better Differentiated by Positive Symptoms Than Negative Symptoms.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationships between anxiety, psychotic-like experiences and autism: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: An updated conceptual review.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2022Pooled it
- Transdiagnostic Neurobiology of Social Cognition and Individual Variability as Measured by Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation in Autism and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Investigating the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule 'Gold Standard' Origin Myth.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Exploring the Role of Stigma and Reduced Facial Expressions in Shaping First Impressions of Individuals with Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Differential Associations of Adversity and Victimisation With Psychotic Experiences in Autistic Adolescents.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Facial expressions and emotional experience during social interaction in autism and schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- The Concept of Autism in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: Historical Divergence and Phenomenological Rapprochement.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Review
- Autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring schizophrenia.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2026Article
- Cognitive Profiles in Adolescents and Young Adults With Co-Occurring Autism and First-Episode Psychosis: A Preliminary Neuropsychological Investigation.PsyCh journal · 2026Article
- Global organisation of structural covariance networks derived from parcellated cortical surface area in atypical populations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Clinical implications of autistic features in the psychosis spectrum: a cross-sectional study using path analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Using the excitation/inhibition ratio to optimize the classification of autism and schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Identifying overlapping and distinctive traits of autism and schizophrenia using machine learning classification.Cognitive neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- International perspective on social cognition in schizophrenia: current stage and the next steps.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Review
- Investigating the attenuated psychosis syndrome in youth with autism spectrum disorder: results from an observational study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: a phenomenological comparison.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Features of mismatch negativity in an at-risk mental state with the traits associated with the autistic spectrum.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorder: phenomenological qualitative study of patients' experience.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorders that overlap in symptom presentation. The purpose of this study was to specify overlapping symptom domains and to identify symptoms that can reliably differentiate adults with ASD (n = 53), SZ (n = 39), and typical development (TD; n = 40). All participants regardless of diagnosis were administered gold-standard diagnostic assessments of ASD and SZ characteristics including the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Sensitivity and specificity of the ADOS were assessed using diagnostic cut-off scores. The degree of symptom overlap on these measures between participant groups was analyzed using Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs), Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves, and Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVAs) to control for group differences in IQ and sex distributions. The ADOS reliably discriminated ASD and TD adults, but there was a high rate of "false positives" in SZ patients who did not meet the DSM-5 criteria for ASD. To identify the reasons for low specificity in the SZ sample, we categorized ASD and SZ symptoms into 'positive' (presence of atypical behaviors) and 'negative' (absence of typical behaviors) symptoms. ASD and SZ groups overlapped on negative symptoms largely related to the absence of typical social and communicative behaviors, whereas disorder-specific positive symptoms differentiated ASD and SZ. For example, those with ASD scored higher on restricted and repetitive behaviors and stereotyped language, whereas those with SZ scored higher on psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. These results suggest that, when making a differential diagnosis between ASD and SZ, clinicians may benefit from focusing on the presence or absence of positive ASD and SZ symptoms. Standardized measures to classify ASD symptoms into positive and negative symptoms have not yet been developed but represent a potentially viable clinical tool.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.