Observational studyBMJ open2020
Investigating foods and beverages sold and advertised in deprived urban neighbourhoods in Ghana and Kenya: a cross-sectional study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Obesogenicity of food in the informal food retail environment of low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic literature review of instruments that measure the healthfulness of food and beverages sold in informal food outlets.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2022Pooled it
- Predictors and Prevalence of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption Among Health Care Professionals in Tamale, Ghana.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among adolescents and women aged 10-49 years in Kenya.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A systematic scoping review of urban food environment research, interventions, and measurement approaches in eight low- and middle-income countries.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Article
- Consumption of Selected Healthy and Unhealthy Food Groups and Associations With Nutritional Status Among Children 2-5 Years of Age in Northern Ghana.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Commentary: Availability of healthy and unhealthy foods in modern retail outlets located in selected districts of Greater Accra Region, Ghana.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Long-term trends in obesity and overweight in women in Ghana from 2003-2023.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Changes in food quality and habits in urban Ghana: evidence from a mixed-methods study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Food environment around schools and adolescent consumption of unhealthy foods in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Promoting lifestyle medicine research in Ghana: lessons learned from Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour (CLiMB) Ghana hybrid workshop.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Adolescents' dietary patterns, their drivers and association with double burden of malnutrition in adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Kenya's urban slums.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- The promotion of ultra-processed foods in modern retail food outlets in rural and urban areas in Kenya.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Expanding the food environment framework to include family dynamics: A systematic synthesis of qualitative evidence using HIV as a case study.Global food security · 2024Review
- Making food-related health taxes palatable in sub-Saharan Africa: lessons from Ghana.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Article
- Double burden of malnutrition and its associated factors among women in low and middle income countries: findings from 52 nationally representative data.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Food Vendors and the Obesogenic Food Environment of an Informal Settlement in Nairobi, Kenya: a Descriptive and Spatial Analysis.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2023Article
- Type, density, and healthiness of food-outlets in a university foodscape: a geographical mapping and characterisation of food resources in a Ghanaian university campus.BMC public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to characterise the local foods and beverages sold and advertised in three deprived urban African neighbourhoods.
designCross-sectional observational study. We undertook an audit of all food outlets (outlet type and food sold) and food advertisements. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise exposures. Latent class analysis was used to explore the interactions between food advertisements, food outlet types and food type availability.
settingThree deprived neighbourhoods in African cities: Jamestown in Accra, Ho Dome in Ho (both Ghana) and Makadara in Nairobi (Kenya).
main outcome measureTypes of foods and beverages sold and/or advertised.
resultsJamestown (80.5%) and Makadara (70.9%) were dominated by informal vendors. There was a wide diversity of foods, with high availability of healthy (eg, staples, vegetables) and unhealthy foods (eg, processed/fried foods, sugar-sweetened beverages). Almost half of all advertisements were for sugar-sweetened beverages (48.3%), with higher exposure to alcohol adverts compared with other items as well (28.5%). We identified five latent classes which demonstrated the clustering of healthier foods in informal outlets, and unhealthy foods in formal outlets.
conclusionOur study presents one of the most detailed geospatial exploration of the urban food environment in Africa. The high exposure of sugar-sweetened beverages and alcohol both available and advertised represent changing urban food environments. The concentration of unhealthy foods and beverages in formal outlets and advertisements of unhealthy products may offer important policy opportunities for regulation and action.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.