ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2020
Prostate Cancer Incidence under Androgen Deprivation: Nationwide Cohort Study in Trans Women Receiving Hormone Treatment.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of PSA reference intervals in the gender diverse population with prostates.BJU international · 2025Pooled it
- Nationwide estimates of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with gender dysphoria in Sweden, 2001-2023: a register-based cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Prostatic diseases in transgender women: A systematic review of diagnosis, risk, and management.International journal of transgender health · 2026Review
- Assessment of breast and prostate cancer risk in trans and gender diverse individuals receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- A Scoping Review Mapping Trans* and Gender Diverse People's Representation in Cancer Research.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Incidence of prostate cancer in transgender women in the US: a large database analysis.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2025Article
- Underinvested, Under-Referred, and Underserved: Applying a Gender Equity Continuum Framework in Cancer Control Continuum Programs and Policies to Expand to Transgender and Nonbinary Populations.JCO oncology advances · 2025Article
- Gender Reassignment and the Role of the Laboratory in Monitoring Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Prostate Cancer Screening Uptake in Transgender Women.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Implications of hormonal carcinogenesis for transgender and gender-diverse people undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy: an up-to-date review.BMJ oncology · 2024Review
- Prostate Cancer in Transgender Women: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Management Challenges.Current oncology reports · 2023Review
- Cancer risk among transgender adults: A growing population with unmet needs.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2023Article
- Position paper of the Italian association of medical oncology on health disparities among transgender and gender-diverse people: the Assisi recommendations.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Review
- Cancer screening and management in the transgender population: Review of literature and special considerations for gender affirmation surgery.World journal of clinical oncology · 2023Article
- UK recommendations for the management of transgender and gender-diverse patients with inherited cancer risks.BJC reports · 2023Review
- Sexual health and treatment-related sexual dysfunction in sexual and gender minorities with prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2023Review
- Cancer disparities among sexual and gender minority populations.Journal of the National Medical Association · 2023Article
- Cancer researchers' perceptions of the importance of the sex of cell lines, animals, and human samples for cancer biology research.iScience · 2023Article
- Gender-affirming hormonal therapy for transgender and gender-diverse people-A narrative review.Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology · 2023Review
- Analysis of Mortality Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults in England.JAMA network open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextTrans women (male sex assigned at birth, female gender identity) mostly use antiandrogens combined with estrogens and can subsequently undergo vaginoplasty including orchiectomy. Because the prostate remains in situ after this procedure, trans women are still at risk for prostate cancer.
objectiveTo assess the incidence of prostate cancer in trans women using hormone treatment. The incidence of prostate cancer in trans women using hormone treatment.
designIn this nationwide retrospective cohort study, data of participants were linked to the Dutch national pathology database and to Statistics Netherlands to obtain data on prostate cancer diagnosis and mortality.
settingGender identity clinic.
participantsTrans women who visited our clinic between 1972 and 2016 and received hormone treatment were included.
main outcome measuresStandardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated using the number of observed prostate cancer cases in our cohort and the number of expected cases based on age-specific incidence numbers from the Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization.
resultsThe study population consisted of 2281 trans women with a median follow-up time of 14 years (interquartile range 7-24), and a total follow-up time of 37 117 years. Six prostate cancer cases were identified after a median 17 years of hormone treatment. This resulted in a lower prostate cancer risk in trans women than in Dutch reference males (SIR 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.42).
conclusionsTrans women receiving androgen deprivation therapy and estrogens have a substantially lower risk for prostate cancer than the general male population. Our results support the hypothesis that androgen deprivation has a preventive effect on the initiation and development of prostate cancer.
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Registered trials
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