ArticleRheumatology (Oxford, England)2020
TLR1/2 and 5 induce elevated cytokine levels from rheumatoid arthritis monocytes independent of ACPA or RF autoantibody status.
Article in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trained immunity in chronic, relapsing and low-grade joint inflammation.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Myeloid A20 is critical for alternative macrophage polarization and type-2 immune-mediated helminth resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Differential immunological profiles in seronegative versus seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: Th17/Treg dysregulation and IL-4.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A novel missense compound heterozygous variant in TLR1 gene is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis - structural perspective and functional annotations.Clinical rheumatology · 2023Article
- An Update on Toll-like Receptor 2, Its Function and Dimerization in Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Processes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Application and prospect of targeting innate immune sensors in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Cell & bioscience · 2022Review
- Expression of sterile-α and armadillo motif containing protein (SARM) in rheumatoid arthritis monocytes correlates with TLR2-induced IL-1β and disease activity.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Upregulating miR-27a-3p inhibits cell proliferation and inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts through targeting toll-like receptor 5.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- The One That Got Away: How Macrophage-Derived IL-1β Escapes the Mycolactone-Dependent Sec61 Blockade in Buruli Ulcer.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Molecular and Cellular Heterogeneity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Contribution of Toll-Like Receptors and the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathophysiology.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveRA is an autoimmune inflammatory joint disease. Both RF and ACPA are associated with more progressive disease and higher levels of systemic inflammation. Monocyte activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) by endogenous ligands is a potential source of increased production of systemic cytokines. RA monocytes have elevated TLRs, some of which are associated with the disease activity score using 28 joints (DAS28). The aim of this study was to measure TLR-induced cytokine production from monocytes, stratified by autoantibody status, to assess if their capacity to induce cytokines is related to autoantibody status or DAS28.
methodsPeripheral blood monocytes isolated from RA patients and healthy controls were stimulated with TLR1/2, TLR2/6, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 ligands for 18 h before measuring IL-6, TNFα and IL-10. Serum was used to confirm the autoantibody status. Cytokine levels were compared with RF, ACPA and DAS28.
resultsRA monocytes demonstrated significantly increased IL-6 and TNFα upon TLR1/2 stimulation and IL-6 and IL-10 upon TLR5 activation. TLR7 and TLR9 activation did not induce cytokines and no significant differences were observed between RA and healthy control monocytes upon TLR2/6, TLR4 or TLR8 activation. When stratified by ACPA or RF status there were no correlations between autoantibody status and elevated cytokine levels. However, TLR1/2-induced IL-6 did correlate with DAS28.
conclusionsElevated TLR-induced cytokines in RA monocytes were not related to ACPA or RF status. However, TLR1/2-induced IL-6 was associated with disease activity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.