SynthesisPsychiatry research2020
Establishing reliability and validity for mental health screening instruments in resource-constrained settings: Systematic review of the PHQ-9 and key recommendations.
Synthesis in Psychiatry research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychometrics of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Uganda: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Six-Week Problem Area-Concordant vs 8-Week Problem Area-Discordant Group Interpersonal Psychotherapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Linking childhood adversity with borderline and depressive symptoms: the role of reward processing.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Prevalence, determinants, and Help-Seeking behavior for major depressive disorder symptoms in the Lesotho population: A multilevel analysis from the Lesotho demographic and health survey 2023-24.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Problem Management Plus for improving mental health among earthquake-affected individuals in Türkiye: pilot randomised controlled trial.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Did national implementation of interpersonal counseling improve adolescent depression treatment pathways in primary care? Protocol for a longitudinal cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Integrating a Non-Communicable Disease Care Cascade within Ghana's Community-Based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) Program: the COMBINE Pilot Implementation Trial.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Factors associated with mental health among young adults: Cross-country longitudinal evidence from Ethiopia, India, and Peru.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Tell or Not to Tell: Changes in Ukrainian Older Adults' HIV Status Disclosure Practices During Intersecting Covid-19 and War Crises.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- How does family face relate to intention to seek therapist-guided and digital self-guided psychological interventions? mediating effects of interdependent stigma and help-seeking attitudes.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Mental health profiles and job satisfaction among healthcare workers in an Italian Local Health Authority (ASL 1 Abruzzo): a cross-sectional Person-centered cluster analysis.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Adaptation to Aymara language and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Peruvian and Bolivian populations.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Internal structure and factorial invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire -9 (PHQ-9) in a large Argentinean sample.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Network and Factor Structure of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Telemental Healthcare Patients From Bangladesh: Evidence for Precision Mental Healthcare.Depression and anxiety · 2026Observational
- From healing to leading: a case study of a community-led mental health program for forcibly displaced people.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Identifying predictors of student depression through validated machine learning pipelines.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence of depressive symptoms among teachers in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2026Article
- Integrating psychosocial health into disaster risk management: Insights from COVID-19 in Durán, Ecuador.PloS one · 2026Article
- The SCCAI and Mayo Endoscopic Severity Scores Are Positively Correlated with QIDS-SR16 Depression Scores in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mental illness is one of the largest contributors to the global disease burden. The importance of valid and reliable mental health measures is crucial in order to accurately measure said burden, to capture symptom improvement, and to ensure that symptoms are appropriately identified and quantified. This is of particular importance in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the burden of mental illness is relatively high, and there is heterogeneity in linguistic, racial, and ethnic groups. Using the PHQ-9 as an illustrative example, this systematic review aims to provide an overview of existing work and highlight common validation and reporting practices. A systematic review of published literature validating the use of the PHQ-9 in LMICs as indexed in the PubMed and PsychInfo databases was conducted. The review included n = 49 articles (reduced from n = 2,349). This manuscript summarizes these results in terms of the frequency of reporting on important procedures and in regards to the types of reliability and validity measured. Then, building off of the existing literature, we provide key recommendations for measure validation in LMICs, which can be generalized for any type of measure used in a setting in which it was not initially developed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.