ArticlePediatric pulmonology2020
Risk factors for atopic and nonatopic asthma in Puerto Rican children.
Article in Pediatric pulmonology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Persistent exposure to second-hand smoke and asthma endotypes in a study of Puerto Rican youth.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2026Article
- Exposure to Violence and Asthma Endotypes in Puerto Rican Youth.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors for T2-Low Asthma Among School-Aged Children in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2012.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2025Article
- Potential Impact of SOD2 (rs4880; p.Val16Ala) Variant with the Susceptibility for Childhood Bronchial Asthma.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Caribbean Latinx with moderate-severe asthma bear greater asthma morbidity than other Latinx.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Association of infant antibiotic exposure and risk of childhood asthma: A meta-analysis.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about the risk factors for atopic and nonatopic asthma among children in Puerto Rico. We aimed to identify modifiable risk factors for atopic and nonatopic asthma in this vulnerable population.
methodsCase-control study of children with (n = 305) and without (n = 327) asthma in San Juan (Puerto Rico). Asthma was defined as physician-diagnosed asthma and wheeze in the previous year. Atopic asthma (n = 210) was defined as asthma and greater than or equal to one positive IgE to aero-allergens. Nonatopic asthma (n = 95) was defined as asthma and no positive IgE to the allergens tested. Logistic regression was used for the multivariable analysis of atopic and nonatopic asthma.
resultsIn a multivariable analysis, body mass index (BMI) z score, prematurity, parental asthma, lifetime exposure to gun violence, and having a bird in the child's home were associated with increased odds of atopic asthma, while each one-point increment in a dietary score (range: -2 [least healthy diet] to +2 [healthiest diet]) was associated with 37% reduced odds of atopic asthma (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48-0.81; P < .01). In a separate multivariable analysis, parental asthma, early-life second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure, and daycare attendance in the first year of life were significantly associated with increased odds of nonatopic asthma, while each one-point increment in the dietary score was associated with 42% reduced odds of nonatopic asthma (95% CI = 0.45-0.76; P < .01).
conclusionsWe have identified potentially modifiable risk factors for atopic asthma (eg, BMI and gun violence), nonatopic asthma (eg, early-life SHS and daycare attendance), or both (eg, an unhealthy diet) in Puerto Rican children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.