ReviewJournal of medical virology2021
The cytokine storm and COVID-19.
Review in Journal of medical virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 927 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Cytokine Status of Covid-19 Patients
Association of the Severity of the Clinical Picture of COVID-19 and Psychiatric Morbidity
Lung Injury (Pulmonary Edema) in COVID-19: Treatment With Furosemide and Negative Fluid Balance (NEGBAL): a Case-Control Study
Who cites it
927 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,668 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Pirfenidone for Mitigation of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities in COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis.Canadian respiratory journal · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of air pollution on COVID-19 severity: a systematic review of underlying biological mechanisms.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- COVID-19 in comorbid chronic diseased patients, pregnant and lactating women: pathophysiology, available drug treatment, and the most suitable protocol regimen in each group.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Association between Guillain-Barré syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, including the impact of COVID-19 vaccination in the context of the development and general clinical characteristics of the disease.Journal of neurovirology · 2025Pooled it
- Micronutrients, Vitamin D, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Causal Inference Studies.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Causal relationship between COVID-19, vaccination, and 20 digestive diseases: a comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Virology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Impacts of COVID-19 on pediatric patients with congenital heart disease: a small systematic and integrative literature review.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2025Pooled it
- Safety of baricitinib in vaccinated patients with severe and critical COVID-19 sub study of the randomised Bari-SolidAct trial.EBioMedicine · 2025Trial
- Gut microbial allies and adversaries in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Changes in IgG N-glycome Are Associated with Disease Severity and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients.Viruses · 2026Article
- Lidocaine inhibits osteoclast activity in vitro.Bone reports · 2026Article
- Phytochemical Profiling and Proteomic Insights into the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Jing Guan Fang in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Drug Repurposing as a Broad-Spectrum Strategy Against Coronaviruses: Frontiers in Mechanisms and Clinical Translation.Viruses · 2026Review
- Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Occurring After ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 Vaccination Without Evidence of Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report and Focused Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Early immune events during SARS-CoV-2 infection impact memory T and B cell responses.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Heat-inactivated Bacillus spores attenuate poly I:C-induced lung inflammation and microbiome alterations through modulation of host immune responses.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Retinal microvascular alterations consistent with endothelial dysregulation in paediatric post-COVID-19 syndrome: A prospective matched-cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio-A Real or Fake Bridge Between Inflammation and Coagulation in COVID-19 Patients: A Scoping Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes mitigate COVID-19 cytokine storm via Annexin A1 and TGF-β mediated MAPK pathway inhibition.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Observational
867 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has caused a large global pandemic and poses a serious threat to public health. More than 4 million cases of COVID-19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been confirmed as of 11 May 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus that primarily spreads through respiratory droplets and close contact. A growing body of clinical data suggests that a cytokine storm is associated with COVID-19 severity and is also a crucial cause of death from COVID-19. In the absence of antivirals and vaccines for COVID-19, there is an urgent need to understand the cytokine storm in COVID-19. Here, we have reviewed the current understanding of the features of SARS-CoV-2 and the pathological features, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatments of the cytokine storm induced by COVID-19. In addition, we suggest that the identification and treatment of the cytokine storm are important components for rescuing patients with severe COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.