ReviewJournal of leukocyte biology2021
Classic and new mediators for in vitro modelling of human macrophages.
Review in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tissue signatures of human macrophages during homeostasis and activation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Blood and lymphatic vascular remodeling in intervertebral disc degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Graphene and Its Derivatives as Modulators of Macrophage Polarization in Cutaneous Wound Healing.Cells · 2025Review
- How do mechanical forces impact macrophages in the processes of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction?Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Review
- Review
- Delineation of signaling routes that underlie differences in macrophage phenotypic states.NAR molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Editorial: Methods in molecular innate immunity: 2022.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Macrophage manufacturing and engineering with 5'-Cap1 and N1-methylpseudouridine-modified mRNA.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Article
- Nano(bio)Materials Do Not Affect Macrophage Phenotype-A Study Conducted by the REFINE Project.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The activity of monocyte-derived macrophages after stimulation with platelet-rich and platelet-poor concentrates. Study on an ovine model of insertion of a tibial implant coated with silicon-doped diamond-like carbon.Journal of veterinary research · 2024Article
- Investigating the immunological function of alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding in regulating tumor response in the breast cancer microenvironment.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Culture density influences the functional phenotype of human macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- COMMBINI: an experimentally-informed COmputational Model of Macrophage dynamics in the Bone INjury Immunoresponse.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Macrophages derived from pluripotent stem cells: prospective applications and research gaps.Cell & bioscience · 2022Review
- Interactions between Macrophages and Mast Cells in the Female Reproductive System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Classic and new mediators for in vitro modelling of human macrophages.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages are key immune cells in the activation and regulation of immune responses. These cells are present in all tissues under homeostatic conditions and in many disease settings. Macrophages can exhibit a wide range of phenotypes depending on local and systemic cues that drive the differentiation and activation process. Macrophage heterogeneity is also defined by their ontogeny. Tissue macrophages can either derive from circulating blood monocytes or are seeded as tissue-resident macrophages during embryonic development. In humans, the study of in vivo-generated macrophages is often difficult with laborious and cell-changing isolation procedures. Therefore, translatable, reproducible, and robust in vitro models for human macrophages in health and disease are necessary. Most of the methods for studying monocyte-derived macrophages are based on the use of limited factors to differentiate the monocytes into macrophages. Current knowledge shows that the in vivo situation is more complex, and a wide range of molecules in the tissue microenvironment promote and impact on monocyte to macrophage differentiation as well as activation. In this review, macrophage heterogeneity is discussed and the human in vitro models that can be applied for research, especially for monocyte-derived macrophages. We also focus on new molecules (IL-34, platelet factor 4, etc.) used to generate macrophages expressing different phenotypes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.