ArticleSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2021
The examination of sleep quality for frontline healthcare workers during the outbreak of COVID-19.
Article in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Subjective sleep alterations in healthy subjects worldwide during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.Sleep medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of hospital staff: An umbrella review of 44 meta-analyses.International journal of nursing studies · 2022Pooled it
- Sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.Sleep medicine reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of Sleep Problems Among Chinese Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of stress, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2021Pooled it
- Sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2021Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on Sex- and Gender-Sensitive Research in Public Mental Health During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Crisis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Investigating the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- The Relationship Between Preoperative COVID-19 Fear and Anxiety Level Undergoing Elective Surgery Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nursing open · 2026Observational
- Burnout and Insomnia Among Greek Physicians Affiliated with the Athens Medical Association After the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Contributing Factors.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors among workers in Kombolcha Textile Industry, Northeast Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Impact of Morning Meditation and Sleep Quality on Affective and Health Outcomes in Healthcare Workers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on brain death detection in German hospitals: a state-wide analysis of health data.Neurological research and practice · 2025Article
- The invisible frontline: experiences of public health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and health emergencies in Colombia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic: prevalence and correlates in a multi-ethnic population Singapore.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Psychosocial Risk Factors at Work and Sleep Quality in Healthcare Workers - A Cross-Sectional Study.Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Article
- Factors associated with sleep quality among Afghan healthcare workers.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Characteristics of Sleep Disturbance and Comparison Across Three Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Healthcare Workers.Psychiatry investigation · 2024Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with poor sleep quality among nurses in COVID-19 wards.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Factors Associated With Poor Sleep Quality Among Primary Healthcare Workers During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.Cureus · 2024Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeFew studies have addressed the sleep disturbances of healthcare workers during crisis events of public health. This study aimed to examine the sleep quality of frontline healthcare workers (FLHCW) in Bahrain during the COVID-19 pandemic, and compare it with the sleep quality of non-frontline healthcare workers (NFLHCW).
methodsHealthcare workers (n = 280) from multiple facilities belonging to the Ministry of Health, Bahrain, were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. An online questionnaire, including socio-demographics, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), was used to evaluate sleep disturbances and stress levels of healthcare workers. Poor sleep quality was defined as PSQI ≥ 5 and moderate-severe stress as PSS ≥ 14. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the scores of FLHCW and NFLHCW. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of poor sleep quality, moderate-severe stress, and the combined problem of poor sleep quality and moderate-severe stress.
resultsA total of 257 participants (129 FLHCW and 128 NFLHCW) provided usable responses. The overall PSQI and PSS scores were 7.0 ± 3.3 and 20.2 ± 7.1, respectively. The FLHCW scored higher in the PSQI and PSS compared with the NFLHCW; however, the differences in the PSQI and PSS scores were not statistically significant. For the FLHCW, 75% were poor sleepers, 85% had moderate-severe stress, and 61% had both poor sleep quality and moderate-severe stress. For the NFLHCW, 76% were poor sleepers, 84% had moderate-severe stress, and 62% had both poor sleep quality and moderate-severe stress. Female sex and professional background were the predictors of poor sleep quality and stress.
conclusionsPoor sleep quality and stress are common during the COVID-19 crisis. Approximately, 60% of both FLHCW and NFLHCW have poor sleep quality combined with moderate-severe stress.
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