Trial reportClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2020
A Phase II Study of Allogeneic GM-CSF-Transfected Pancreatic Tumor Vaccine (GVAX) with Ipilimumab as Maintenance Treatment for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer.
Trial report in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimal early endpoint for second-line or subsequent immune checkpoint inhibitors in previously treated advanced solid cancers: a systematic review.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- A Randomized Phase II Study: CRS207/GVAX plus Anti-PD-1 and Anti-CTLA4 Recruits Mesothelin- and mKRAS-Specific T Cells into PDAC.Cancer immunology research · 2026Trial
- A phase 2 trial of CXCR4 antagonism and PD1 inhibition in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma reveals recruitment of T cells but also immunosuppressive macrophages.Oncoimmunology · 2025Trial
- Niraparib plus nivolumab or niraparib plus ipilimumab in patients with platinum-sensitive advanced pancreatic cancer: a randomised, phase 1b/2 trial.The Lancet. Oncology · 2022Trial
- GM-CSF secreting leukemia cell vaccination for MDS/AML after allogeneic HSCT: a randomized, double-blinded, phase 2 trial.Blood advances · 2022Trial
- Baseline immunity predicts prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients treated with WT1 and/or MUC1 peptide-loaded dendritic cell vaccination and a standard chemotherapy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Trial
- Review
- Universal off-the-shelf TGF-Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Review
- Repurposing Tumor Cells: A Paradigm Shift in Cell-Based Therapies for Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Understanding the dual role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the lung cancer tumor microenvironment and its therapeutic implications.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines in Gastrointestinal Malignancies: Advances, Challenges, and Emerging Strategies.Cancers · 2026Review
- Heterocellular crosstalk and architecture of the pancreatic tumour microenvironment.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Cytometric Atlas of Combination Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer: Blood-Based Signatures Reveal Vaccine and Checkpoint Inhibitor Responses.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Clinical development of cancer vaccines.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Harnessing Vaccines in the Treatment of Solid Tumors: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Pleiotropic and multicellular roles of lymphotoxin beta receptor in solid tumor immunity and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Overcoming multidimensional immunotherapy resistance in PDAC: from microenvironment to clinic.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cancer Vaccines: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Progress, and Combination Immunotherapies with a Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- The tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer - new clinical challenges, but more opportunities.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis phase II study tested granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells (GVAX) and ipilimumab in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) in the maintenance setting. PATIENTS AND
methodsPatients with PDA who were treated with front-line chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) in the metastatic setting and had ongoing response or stable disease after 8-12 doses were eligible. Patients were randomized 1:1 to treatment with GVAX and ipilimumab given every 3 weeks for four doses then every 8 weeks (Arm A) or to FOLFIRINOX continuation (Arm B). The primary objective was to compare overall survival (OS) between the two arms.
resultsEighty-two patients were included in the final analysis (Arm A: 40; Arm B: 42). The study was stopped for futility after interim analysis. Median OS was 9.38 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.0-12.2] for Arm A and 14.7 months (95% CI, 11.6-20.0) for Arm B (HR, 1.75;
conclusionsGVAX and ipilimumab maintenance therapy did not improve OS over continuation of chemotherapy and resulted in a numerically inferior survival in metastatic PDA. However, clinical responses and biological effects on immune cells were observed. Further study of novel combinations in the maintenance treatment of metastatic PDA is feasible.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.