ArticleAIDS (London, England)2020
Longitudinal patterns of illicit drug use, antiretroviral therapy exposure and plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load among HIV-positive people who use illicit drugs.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Week 96 Results of Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide for HIV Treatment in People With Substance Use Disorders.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Contingency Management for Integrated Harm Reduction Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Use Methamphetamine in Los Angeles: A Pilot Assessment.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Blue Monday: Co-occurring Stimulant Use and HIV Persistence Predict Dysregulated Catecholamine Synthesis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2021Trial
- Employment Status and HIV Viral Load in Chilean Adult Population: A Propensity Score Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Leveraging virtual reality to improve medication adherence among marginalized populations with high-risk chronic health conditions: Proof-of-concept protocol, considerations, and next steps.Proceedings of the ... Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · 2025Article
- Chemsex and rising substance use linked to sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men living with HIV in Bangkok, Thailand.IJID regions · 2024Article
- Bone Tissue Changes in Individuals Living with HIV/AIDS: The Importance of a Hierarchical Approach in Investigating Bone Fragility.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Prevalence and Correlates of Heavy Alcohol use among People Living with HIV who use Unregulated Drugs in Vancouver, Canada.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Impaired extinction of cocaine seeking in HIV-infected mice is accompanied by peripheral and central immune dysregulation.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Cocaine regulates antiretroviral therapy CNS access through pregnane-x receptor-mediated drug transporter and metabolizing enzyme modulation at the blood brain barrier.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- Overamped: Stimulant Use and HIV Pathogenesis.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Impaired extinction of cocaine seeking in HIV-infected mice is accompanied by peripheral and central immune dysregulation.Research square · 2023Article
- Perceived Mistreatment in Health Care Settings and its Relationship with HIV Clinical Outcomes in HIV-positive People who Use Drugs in Vancouver, Canada.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- The effect of substance uses on antiretroviral treatment adherence in primary health care.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2023Article
- Effectiveness and Safety of Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in Patients With HIV-1 Infection and Ongoing Substance Use Disorder: The BASE Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Crack cocaine use frequency is associated with HIV disease severity independent of antiretroviral therapy exposure: a prospective cohort study.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Periods of Homelessness Linked to Higher VACS Index Among HIV-Positive People Who Use Drugs.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Association of Substance Use with Immunological Response to Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Positive Patients from Southwest Ethiopia: A Prospective Observational Study.International journal of general medicine · 2022Article
- Associations amongst form of cocaine used (powder vs crack vs both) and HIV-related outcomes.Addictive behaviors reports · 2021Article
- Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesHIV-positive people who use illicit drugs (PWUD) experience elevated rates of HIV-associated morbidity and mortality compared with members of other key affected populations. Although suboptimal levels of access and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) are common among HIV-positive PWUD, there is a need for studies investigating the possible biological impacts of noninjection illicit drug use among people living with HIV in real-world settings.
methodsWe accessed data from the ACCESS study, an ongoing prospective cohort of illicit drug users with systematic HIV viral load monitoring in a setting with universal care and ART dispensation records. We used multivariable generalized linear mixed models to estimate the longitudinal associations between noninjection use of crack cocaine, powder cocaine, opioids, methamphetamine, cannabis and alcohol on plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load, adjusted for ART exposure and relevant confounders.
resultsBetween 2005 and 2018, 843 individuals from the ACCESS cohort were included and contributed to 8698 interviews. At baseline, the mean age was 43 years, 566 (67%) reported male sex and 659 (78%) used crack cocaine in the previous 6 months. In multivariable models adjusted for ART exposure, only crack cocaine use in the last 6 months was found to be significantly associated with higher HIV viral load.
conclusionWe observed significantly higher HIV viral load during periods of crack cocaine use independent of ART exposure. Our findings support further research to investigate the possible biological mechanisms of this effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.