ArticleEuropean journal of microbiology & immunology2020
Review: The risk of contracting anthrax from spore-contaminated soil - A military medical perspective.
Article in European journal of microbiology & immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigation and Response to the First Case of Inhalational Anthrax Caused by Inhaling Wind-Blown Dust ContainingChina CDC weekly · 2026Article
- Subclinical Anthrax Exposure in Railroad Workers Following Soil Disruption in an Endemic Region: A Seroprevalence Study in Kars, Türkiye.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal source-sink dynamics of fecal litter and farm indoor environmental resistomes in broiler chicken and Cherry Valley ducks.Animal microbiome · 2026Article
- Identification of Anthrax as the Cause of a Cluster of Unexplained Deaths, Uganda, 2023: The Role of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing and Postmortem Specimens.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Epidemic Situation of Anthrax in Armenia Over the Last Decade.Zoonoses and public health · 2025Article
- Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets Against Anthrax-Toxin-Induced Liver and Heart Damage.Toxins · 2025Article
- Archival and Newly Isolated HistoricalPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Anthrax: A narrative review.New microbes and new infections · 2024Review
- Soil Sample Analysis ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Upper Limb Compartment Syndrome-An Extremely Rare Life-Threatening Complication of Cutaneous Anthrax.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Anthrax in one health in Southern and Southeastern Europe - the effect of climate change?Veterinary research communications · 2024Review
- Combatting anthrax outbreaks across Nigeria's national land borders: need to optimize surveillance with epidemiological surveys.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2024Article
- Risk factors associated with cutaneous anthrax outbreaks in humans in Bangladesh.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Unveiling the global reach of African anthrax research: A bibliometric study.Science in One Health · 2024Article
- One Health Assessment ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Article
- Informing One Health Anthrax Surveillance and Vaccination Strategy from Spatial Analysis of Anthrax in Humans and Livestock in Ha Giang Province, Vietnam (1999-2020).The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Review
- Spatial analysis of human and livestock anthrax in Dien Bien province, Vietnam (2010-2019) and the significance of anthrax vaccination in livestock.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Drivers and potential distribution of anthrax occurrence and incidence at national and sub-county levels across Kenya from 2006 to 2020 using INLA.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anthrax is an infectious disease of relevance for military forces. Although spores of Bacillus anthracis obiquitously occur in soil, reports on soil-borne transmission to humans are scarce. In this narrative review, the potential of soil-borne transmission of anthrax to humans is discussed based on pathogen-specific characteristics and reports on anthrax in the course of several centuries of warfare. In theory, anthrax foci can pose a potential risk of infection to animals and humans if sufficient amounts of virulent spores are present in the soil even after an extended period of time. In praxis, however, transmissions are usually due to contacts with animal products and reported events of soil-based transmissions are scarce. In the history of warfare, even in the trenches of World War I, reported anthrax cases due to soil-contaminated wounds are virtually absent. Both the perspectives and the experience of the Western hemisphere and of former Soviet Republics are presented. Based on the accessible data as provided in the review, the transmission risk of anthrax by infections of wounds due to spore-contaminated soil is considered as very low under the most circumstance. Active historic anthrax foci may, however, still pose a risk to the health of deployed soldiers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.