ArticleMedical hypotheses2020
"Exercise with facemask; Are we handling a devil's sword?" - A physiological hypothesis.
Article in Medical hypotheses, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Safety implications of mask use: a systematic review and evidence map.BMJ evidence-based medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Wearing a Mask During Exercise on Physiological and Psychological Outcomes in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Pooled it
- The influence of N95 and FFP2 masks on cardiorespiratory variables in healthy individuals during aerobic exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2023Pooled it
- Bayesian network meta-analysis of face masks' impact on human physiology.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of wearing surgical mask during controlled aerobic training on functional capacity and perceived stress in inactive men: a randomized trial.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Impact of surgical mask on performance and cardiorespiratory responses to submaximal exercise in COVID-19 patients near hospital discharge: A randomized crossover trial.Clinical rehabilitation · 2022Trial
- Blood gas levels, cardiovascular strain and cognitive performance during surgical mask and filtering face piece application.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Effects of Wearing Face Masks on Exercise Capacity and Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold in Healthy Subjects During the COVID-19 Epidemic.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2022Trial
- Effects of surgical masks on the responses to constant work-rate cycling performed at different intensity domains.Clinical physiology and functional imaging · 2022Trial
- Wearing a Surgical Face Mask Has Minimal Effect on Performance and Physiological Measures during High-Intensity Exercise in Youth Ice-Hockey Players: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Effects of surgical and cloth facemasks during a submaximal exercise test in healthy adults.Respiratory medicine · 2021Trial
- Wearing of Cloth or Disposable Surgical Face Masks has no Effect on Vigorous Exercise Performance in Healthy Individuals.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Impact of hypoxic air quality on resistance training effect in different normobaric hypoxia environments.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Impact of the administration type for normobaric hypoxia on the maximal aerobic capacity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Sports medicine and health science · 2026Review
- NAMs for closing knowledge gaps in assessment of respiratory uptake - a PARC project.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Effects of wearing a KF94 face mask on performance, perceptual parameters, and physiological responses during resistance exercise.Physical activity and nutrition · 2024Article
- The influence of N95 and surgical masks on carbon dioxide levels: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- The effects of wearing face masks on the perception and mood of male healthy male adults during treadmill running: A pilot study.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- Impact of Concurrent Use of N95 and Surgical Masks on Peripheral Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate Frequency-A Prospective Study during the COVID-19 Outbreak.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Sports despite masks: no negative effects of FFP2 face masks on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in children.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Straying away from a sedentary lifestyle is essential, especially in these troubled times of a global pandemic to reverse the ill effects associated with the health risks as mentioned earlier. In the view of anticipated effects on immune system and prevention against influenza and Covid-19, globally moderate to vigorous exercises are advocated wearing protective equipment such as facemasks. Though WHO supports facemasks only for Covid-19 patients, healthy "social exercisers" too exercise strenuously with customized facemasks or N95 which hypothesized to pose more significant health risks and tax various physiological systems especially pulmonary, circulatory and immune systems. Exercising with facemasks may reduce available Oxygen and increase air trapping preventing substantial carbon dioxide exchange. The hypercapnic hypoxia may potentially increase acidic environment, cardiac overload, anaerobic metabolism and renal overload, which may substantially aggravate the underlying pathology of established chronic diseases. Further contrary to the earlier thought, no evidence exists to claim the facemasks during exercise offer additional protection from the droplet transfer of the virus. Hence, we recommend social distancing is better than facemasks during exercise and optimal utilization rather than exploitation of facemasks during exercise.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.