ReviewExperimental eye research2020
Deconstructing aqueous humor outflow - The last 50 years.
Review in Experimental eye research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 127 open-angle glaucoma loci with consistent effect across ancestries.Nature communications · 2021Pooled it
- Investigating the coupled effects of stiffness and stretch on the trabecular meshwork cells using a hydrogel-integrated microfluidic system.Biomaterials science · 2026Article
- Identification and Mapping of a Posterior Ocular Lymphatic Outflow (POLO) Pathway Through Choroidal Lymphatics.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Cholinergic Improvement of Low-Flow Segmental Aqueous Humor Outflow in Humans.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Advances of Intraocular Fluid for the Application and Treatment of Uveitis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Pilocarpine-Induced Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin Production in Porcine Ciliary Muscle.FASEB bioAdvances · 2025Article
- Effects of Growth and Development on Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Male Dutch Belted Rabbits.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Latanoprostene bunod: the first nitric oxide-donating antiglaucoma medication.Medical gas research · 2025Review
- Mechanobiology in the eye.npj biological physics and mechanics · 2025Review
- Effects of Schlemm's Canal Suture Implantation Surgery and Pilocarpine Eye Drops on Trabecular Meshwork Pulsatile Motion.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Trabecular Meshwork Movement Controls Distal Valves and Chambers: New Glaucoma Medical and Surgical Targets.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- The Association between Vascular Abnormalities and Glaucoma-What Comes First?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- iPSCs-Based Therapy for Trabecular Meshwork.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2023Article
- Evaluation of trabecular meshwork-specific promotersInternational journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- α-Synuclein modulates fibronectin expression in the trabecular meshwork independent of TGFβ2.Experimental eye research · 2023Article
- Pulsatile Trabecular Meshwork Motion: An Indicator of Intraocular Pressure Control in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Transgene expression of Stanniocalcin-1 provides sustained intraocular pressure reduction by increasing outflow facility.PloS one · 2022Article
- Article
- Aqueous outflow regulation - 21st century concepts.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2021Review
- Therapeutic Drugs and Devices for Tackling Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma, and Need for Neuroprotection and Cytoprotective Therapies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Herein partially summarizes one scientist-clinician's wanderings through the jungles of primate aqueous humor outflow over the past ~45 years. Totally removing the iris has no effect on outflow facility or its response to pilocarpine, whereas disinserting the ciliary muscle (CM) from the scleral spur/trabecular meshwork (TM) completely abolishes pilocarpine's effect. Epinephrine increases facility in CM disinserted eyes. Cytochalasins and latrunculins increase outflow facility, subthreshold doses of cytochalasins and epinephrine given together increase facility, and phalloidin, which has no effect on facility, partially blocks the effect of both cytochalasins and epinephrine. H-7, ML7, Y27632 and nitric oxide - donating compounds all increase facility, consistent with a mechanosensitive TM/SC. Adenosine A1 agonists increase and angiotensin II decrease facility. OCT and optical imaging techniques now permit visualization and digital recording of the distal outflow pathways in real time. Prostaglandin (PG) F2α analogues increase the synthesis and release of matrix metalloproteinases by the CM cells, causing remodeling and thinning of the interbundle extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby increasing uveoscleral outflow and reducing IOP. Combination molecules (one molecule, two or more effects) and fixed combination products (two molecules in one bottle) simplify drug regimens for patients. Gene and stem cell therapies to enhance aqueous outflow have been successful in laboratory models and may fill an unmet need in terms of patient compliance, taking the patient out of the delivery system. Functional transfer of genes inhibiting the rho cascade or decoupling actin from myosin increase facility, while genes preferentially expressed in the glaucomatous TM decrease facility. In live NHP, reporter genes are expressed for 2+ years in the TM after a single intracameral injection, with no adverse reaction. However, except for one recent report, injection of facility-effective genes in monkey organ cultured anterior segments (MOCAS) have no effect in live NHP. While intracameral injection of an FIV. BOVPGFS-myc.GFP PGF synthase vector construct reproducibly induces an ~2 mmHg reduction in IOP, the effect is much less than that of topical PGF
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.