ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a Disease-United States, 2008-2017.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Brief Case: How antibiotic pretreatment complicated the diagnosis ofJournal of clinical microbiology · 2025Review
- Epidemiology of Bacterial Meningitis in the Lombardy Region, Italy, from 2014 to 2024: An Observational, Retrospective Study.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States during 2008-2023: an analysis of active, laboratory, population-based, multistate surveillance data.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Reportable Bacterial Infectious Diseases in Saudi Arabia.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Carriage ofJournal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2024Article
- Five years of safety profile of bevacizumab: an analysis of real-world pharmacovigilance and randomized clinical trials.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2024Article
- Haemophilus influenzae serotype a meningitis in an elderly patient: A case report and literature review.IDCases · 2024Article
- Report ofPediatric investigation · 2023Article
- Secondary Cases of Invasive Disease Caused by Encapsulated and Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae - 10 U.S. Jurisdictions, 2011-2018.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- High Prevalence of Group III-Like Mutations Among BLPACR and First Report ofInfection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Epidemic Trends and Biofilm Formation Mechanisms of Haemophilus influenzae: Insights into Clinical Implications and Prevention Strategies.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Review
- Epidemiology of invasiveInternational journal of circumpolar health · 2022Article
- Naturally acquired antibodies against 7 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Indigenous and non-Indigenous adults.PloS one · 2022Article
- Cross-reactivity of Haemophilus influenzae type a and b polysaccharides: molecular modeling and conjugate immunogenicity studies.Glycoconjugate journal · 2021Article
- Racial Disparities in Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease-United States, 2008-2017.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Increased Incidence of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease Driven by Non-Type B Isolates in Ontario, Canada, 2014 to 2018.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Infections after 3 Decades of Hib Protein Conjugate Vaccine Use.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- Long Term Impact of Conjugate Vaccines onMicroorganisms · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Comment on
Authors and funding
24 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHaemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) can cause invasive disease similar to serotype b; no Hia vaccine is available. We describe the epidemiology of invasive Hia disease in the United States overall and specifically in Alaska during 2008-2017.
methodsActive population- and laboratory-based surveillance for invasive Hia disease was conducted through Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites and from Alaska statewide invasive bacterial disease surveillance. Sterile-site isolates were serotyped via slide agglutination or real-time polymerase chain reaction. Incidences in cases per 100 000 were calculated.
resultsFrom 2008 to 2017, an estimated average of 306 invasive Hia disease cases occurred annually in the United States (estimated annual incidence: 0.10); incidence increased by an average of 11.1% annually. Overall, 42.7% of cases were in children aged <5 years (incidence: 0.64), with highest incidence among children aged <1 year (1.60). Case fatality was 7.8% overall and was highest among adults aged ≥65 years (15.1%). Among children aged <5 years, the incidence was 17 times higher among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children (8.29) than among children of all other races combined (0.49). In Alaska, incidences among all ages (0.68) and among children aged <1 year (24.73) were nearly 6 and 14 times higher, respectively, than corresponding US incidences. Case fatality in Alaska was 10.2%, and the vast majority (93.9%) of cases occurred among AI/AN.
conclusionsIncidence of invasive Hia disease has increased since 2008, with the highest burden among AI/AN children. These data can inform prevention strategies, including Hia vaccine development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.