ReviewCurrent neuropharmacology2021
Temozolomide: An Updated Overview of Resistance Mechanisms, Nanotechnology Advances and Clinical Applications.
Review in Current neuropharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- ABCB1 Polymorphisms Influence on Temozolomide Resistance and Overall Survival in Glioblastoma Patients: A Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Focused ultrasound-mediated enhancement of blood-brain barrier permeability for brain tumor treatment: a systematic review of clinical trials.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Phthalazine as a medically versatile polyheterocyclic core with underexplored anticancer potential.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Imidazole-2-thione derivatives as new selective anticancer agents with anti-metastatic properties: synthesis and pharmacological evaluation.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity of MGMT expression in corticotroph adenomas and mechanism of acquired temozolomide resistance.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- METTL3 Increases Temozolomide Resistance in MGMT-Negative Glioblastoma by Enhancing CBX5 mRNA Stability in an mCNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Targeting O6-methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Deficiency in Preclinical Models of Extracranial Human Cancers with a Tumor-Selective DNA-Modifying Agent.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- NRF2 signaling drives chemoresistance in NSCLC and glioblastoma.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle-Based delivery of proteasome inhibitors for glioblastoma Therapy: Strategies to overcome Blood-Brain barrier and therapeutic resistance.Biochemical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis-associated immune modulation enhances temozolomide efficacy in experimental glioblastoma: potential implications for T-cell infiltration and tumour microenvironment dynamics.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Chloroethylnitrosourea analogue HJ03 overcomes temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma in mice through induction of ferroptosis and apoptosis.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Integrating Molecular Pathology, Tumor Microenvironment, and Novel Therapies to Overcome Resistance in Glioblastoma.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Review
- Persistent interferon signaling and clonal expansion mark early events in DNA methylation damage-induced liver cancer.NAR cancer · 2026Article
- Deep learning for predicting patient drug response by transferring gene-level and cell-level knowledge to tumors.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Molecular dynamics investigation of temozolomide encapsulation and controlled release from PLGA carriers.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Overcoming blood-brain barrier and chemoresistance in glioblastoma by Angiopep-2-modified NK cell-derived extracellular vesicles for targeted delivery of temozolomide.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- PRMT5 inhibition impairs Fanconi Anemia pathway-mediated homologous recombination and enhances the antitumor efficacy of Temozolomide in glioblastoma.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Locoregional Delivery of miRNAs for Glioblastoma Treatment: A Systematic Review of Advances in Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- E3 ligase LMO7 enhances temozolomide sensitivity by promoting MGMT degradation in lung cancer.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Oral chemotherapy agents in cats: clinical uses, administration and side effects.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2026Review
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ), an oral alkylating prodrug which delivers a methyl group to purine bases of DNA (O6-guanine; N7-guanine and N3-adenine), is frequently used together with radiotherapy as part of the first-line treatment of high-grade gliomas. The main advantages are its high oral bioavailability (almost 100% although the concentration found in the cerebrospinal fluid was approximately 20% of the plasma concentration of TMZ), its lipophilic properties, and small size that confer the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, this agent has demonstrated activity not only in brain tumors but also in a variety of solid tumors. However, conventional therapy using surgery, radiation, and TMZ in glioblastoma results in a median patient survival of 14.6 months. Treatment failure has been associated with tumor drug resistance. This phenomenon has been linked to the expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, but the mismatch repair system and the presence of cancer stem-like cells in tumors have also been related to TMZ resistance. The understanding of these mechanisms is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies in the clinical use of TMZ, including the use of nanomaterial delivery systems and the association with other chemotherapy agents. The aim of this review is to summarize the resistance mechanisms of TMZ and the current advances to improve its clinical use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.