Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32588002›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2020

Detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in both serum and saliva enhances detection of infection.

Sian E Faustini, Sian E Jossi, Marisol Perez-Toledo, Adrian M Shields, Joel D Allen, Yasunori Watanabe, Maddy L Newby, Alex Cook, Carrie R Willcox, Mahboob Salim and 18 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04716543 (One-health Approach in Epidemiological Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in Laos), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04716543 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

One-health Approach in Epidemiological Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in Laos

TypeobservationalSponsorANRS, Emerging Infectious DiseasesRan2021 to 2022Enrolled5,400ConditionsInfluenza -Like Illness, Covid19ArmsILI and COVID-19 detection
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

28 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Sian E FaustiniInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Sian E JossiInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Marisol Perez-ToledoInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Adrian M ShieldsInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Joel D AllenSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
Yasunori WatanabeSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
Maddy L NewbySchool of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
Alex CookBinding Site Group Ltd, Birmingham, U.K.
Carrie R WillcoxInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Mahboob SalimInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Margaret GoodallInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Jennifer L HeaneyInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Edith Marcial-JuarezInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Gabriella L MorleyInstitute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Barbara TorlinskaInstitute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
David C WraithInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Tonny V VeenithDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, B15 2TH, U.K.
Stephen HardingBinding Site Group Ltd, Birmingham, U.K.
Stephen JollesImmunodeficiency Centre for Wales, Cardiff, U.K.
Mark J PonsfordImmunodeficiency Centre for Wales, Cardiff, U.K.
Tim PlantInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Aarnoud HuissoonInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Matthew K O'SheaInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Benjamin E WillcoxInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Mark T DraysonInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Max CrispinSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
Adam F CunninghamInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Alex G RichterInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre · GBUniversity of Southampton · GBBirmingham Research Park · GBUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust · GBUniversity of Birmingham · GBUniversity of Wales · GBUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

Identification of neutralizing epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spike for design of vaccines and small-molecule antiviralsUM1AI144462 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI BURTON, DENNIS R. · 2019 to 2025
$201.6M
Medical Research Council MC_PC_17183NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI144462Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDetecting antibody responses during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential in determining the seroepidemiology of the virus and the potential role of antibody in disease. Scalable, sensitive and specific serological assays are essential to this process. The detection of antibody in hospitalized patients with severe disease has proven straightforward; detecting responses in subjects with mild disease and asymptomatic infections has proven less reliable. We hypothesized that the suboptimal sensitivity of antibody assays and the compartmentalization of the antibody response may contribute to this effect.

methodsWe systemically developed an ELISA assay, optimising different antigens and amplification steps, in serum and saliva from symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects.

resultsUsing trimeric spike glycoprotein, rather than nucleocapsid enabled detection of responses in individuals with low antibody responses. IgG1 and IgG3 predominate to both antigens, but more anti-spike IgG1 than IgG3 was detectable. All antigens were effective for detecting responses in hospitalized patients. Anti-spike, but not nucleocapsid, IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses were readily detectable in saliva from non-hospitalized symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Antibody responses in saliva and serum were largely independent of each other and symptom reporting.

conclusionsDetecting antibody responses in both saliva and serum is optimal for determining virus exposure and understanding immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

fundingThis work was funded by the University of Birmingham, the National Institute for Health Research (UK), the NIH National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the University of Southampton.

Identifiers

PMID32588002
PMCPMC7310662
OpenAlexW3036449894

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.