ArticleAnnual review of environment and resources2019
Sanitation for Low-Income Regions: A Cross-Disciplinary Review.
Article in Annual review of environment and resources, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review on the laboratory methodology for conducting wastewater and environmental surveillance forFrontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Boiling Drinking Water on Diarrhea and Pathogen-Specific Infections in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Pooled it
- Measuring User Compliance and Cost Effectiveness of Safe Drinking Water Programs: A Cluster-Randomized Study of Household Ultraviolet Disinfection in Rural Mexico.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Trial
- Through their eyes: a Photovoice study of environmental stressors and mental health among young women in Kampala's urban slums.Cities & health · 2026Article
- Determinants of Improved Household Sanitation Use in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis.Health science reports · 2025Article
- So long a toilet! Deviations from a conventional design, level of latrine construction and use by rural households in Nyanga district, Zimbabwe.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Assessing the reliability of open-source data used for spatial characterisation of urban sanitation infrastructure-a field study in Rajshahi, Bangladesh.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025Article
- Comparative life cycle assessment of on-site sanitation systems using lagoons or drying beds for fecal sludge treatment in low-income tropical countries.Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research · 2024Article
- Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study.Journal of environmental management · 2021Article
- Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Approaches: Anthropological Contributions and Future Directions for Engineering.Environmental engineering science · 2021Article
- Evaluating a large-scale online behaviour change intervention aimed at wildlife product consumers in Singapore.PloS one · 2021Article
- Article
- Boiled or Bottled: Regional and Seasonal Exposures to Drinking Water Contamination and Household Air Pollution in Rural China.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Article
- Understanding Open Defecation in the Age ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Shifting seas, shifting boundaries: Dynamic marine protected area designs for a changing climate.PloS one · 2020Article
- Addressing technical barriers for reliable, safe removal of fluoride from drinking water using minimally processed bauxite ores.Development engineering · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sanitation research focuses primarily on containing human waste and preventing disease; thus, it has traditionally been dominated by the fields of environmental engineering and public health. Over the past 20 years, however, the field has grown broader in scope and deeper in complexity, spanning diverse disciplinary perspectives. In this article, we review the current literature in the range of disciplines engaged with sanitation research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We find that perspectives on what sanitation is, and what sanitation policy should prioritize, vary widely. We show how these diverse perspectives augment the conventional sanitation service chain, a framework describing the flow of waste from capture to disposal. We review how these perspectives can inform progress toward equitable sanitation for all [i.e., Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6]. Our key message is that both material and nonmaterial flows-and both technological and social functions-make up a sanitation "system." The components of the sanitation service chain are embedded within the flows of finance, decision making, and labor that make material flows of waste possible. The functions of capture, storage, transport, treatment, reuse, and disposal are interlinked with those of ensuring equity and affordability. We find that a multilayered understanding of sanitation, with contributions from multiple disciplines, is necessary to facilitate inclusive and robust research toward the goal of sanitation for all.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.