ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Environmental and Occupational Risk Factors Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in West Javanese Rice Farmers, Indonesia.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria for chronic kidney disease of undetermined etiology (CKDu): a systematic review of the literature.BMC nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prevalence of chronic kidney disease stages 3-5 in low- and middle-income countries in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence, risk-factors and early prediction of impaired kidney function among indigenous adults in Odisha, India: A secondary analysis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Selected aspects of the psychosocial functioning of medical personnel of emergency medical teams-a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Assessing heat stress, ambulatory hypertension and thermal symptoms in fish smokers along coastal areas in Ghana: a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Global Health Threat in Rural Agricultural Communities-Prevalence, Suspected Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2024Review
- Chronic Kidney Disease Among Agricultural Workers in Taiwan: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.Kidney international reports · 2023Article
- Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in KCNA10 and SLC13A3 Genes with the Susceptibility to Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in Central Indian Patients.Biochemical genetics · 2023Article
- The Etiology of Kidney Failure in Indonesia: A Multicenter Study in Tertiary-Care Centers in Jakarta.Annals of global health · 2023Article
- Determinants of Hypertension amongst Rice Farmers in West Java, Indonesia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Where do you live and what do you do? Two questions that might impact your kidney health.Frontiers in nephrology · 2022Review
- Impacts of Climate Change and Heat Stress on Farmworkers' Health: A Scoping Review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Chronic kidney disease: Definition, updated epidemiology, staging, and mechanisms of increased cardiovascular risk.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2021Article
- Demystifying Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu): Computational Interaction Analysis of Pesticides and Metabolites with Vital Renal Enzymes.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- The Utility of Novel Renal Biomarkers in Assessment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu): A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Reply to "Comment on Fitria et al. 'Environmental and Occupational Risk Factors Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in West Javanese Rice Farmers, Indonesia'International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Prevalence Studies on CKDu Need Stringent Reporting on Outcomes to Enhance Comparability.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
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6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in agricultural population is an increasing issue. This study aims to obtain a prevalence estimate of CKDu in male rice farmers in West Java, Indonesia; and analyze the relationship between CKDu and environmental and occupational factors. The study design was cross-sectional. This study included 354 healthy male farmers in two rice agriculture areas in West Java with different altitudes (low altitude and high-altitude location). This research included blood and urine sampling from the farmers for serum creatinine (SCr) level and proteinuria; questionnaire on demographic information, occupational factors and other risk factors for CKDu. We measured ambient temperature and humidity in both study locations for environmental factors. From SCr level and proteinuria, we categorized the farmers into five stages of CKD; then we distinguished CKDu from CKD if the farmers had stage 1-4 of CKD but without diabetes, hypertension and other traditional causes. Data were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression to get prevalence odd ratios of CKDu and its relationship with environmental and occupational factors, adjusted with other risk factors of CKDu. The overall prevalence of CKD was 24.9% and CKDu was 18.6%. For the environmental factors, farm location (high altitude versus low altitude location) was associated with CKDu (Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR): 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2-3.5). For the occupational factors, although not significant, the risk of CKDu increased with the longer use of insecticide and with the more frequent of insecticide use. We suggested that there was a need to conduct future research to investigate more on the association of those environmental and occupational factors with CKDu.
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