SynthesisMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2020
Oral Administration of Cannabis and Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Preparations: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effectiveness and Safety of Cannabidiol in Non-seizure-related Indications: A Systematic Review of Published Randomized Clinical Trials.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Same-Day Sedative and Night-Time Sleep Effects Following Combined Cannabinoid Formulations: A Randomised-Controlled Trial.Clinical drug investigation · 2025Trial
- Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Spectrum Yellow Oil in Healthy Participants.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2022Trial
- A pilot safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic study of an oro-buccal administered cannabidiol-dominant anti-inflammatory formulation in healthy individuals: a randomized placebo-controlled single-blinded study.Inflammopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Metabolic engineering of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for olivetolic acid production.Microbial cell factories · 2026Article
- Cannabinoids and drug-drug pharmacokinetic interactions: Deciphering the risks.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Cannabinoid Oral Mucosal Delivery: Approaches to Formulation, Fabrication, and Permeation Enhancement.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Recreational Cannabis Use During Human Pregnancy: Its Effects on the Placenta and Endocannabinoid System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Combined extraction and spray-freeze-drying of Cannabis sativa Flos provides stable lyophilizate particles of cannabinoids.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Edible cannabis use on simulated driving performance.Traffic injury prevention · 2026Article
- Abuse Potential and Neurotoxic Effects of the Synthetic Cannabinoid 4F-ABUTINACA Self-Administration in Adult Male Rats.Addiction biology · 2026Article
- Changes in sleep quality during the 12 months following medical cannabis initiation.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- The detection of cannabinoids in breath after ingestion of cannabis-infused edibles.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2025Article
- Prolonged sedation and unconsciousness after intoxication with the novel semisynthetic cannabinoid hexahydrocannabioctyl (HHC-C8): Two case descriptions.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Analgesic and toxicological evaluation of cannabidiol-rich MoroccanOpen life sciences · 2025Article
- Associations between Cannabis Consumption Methods and Cannabis Risk Perception.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Determination of ΔForensic toxicology · 2024Article
- The Use of Compounds Derived fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Daily associations with cannabis use and sleep quality in anxious cannabis users.Behavioral sleep medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveChanges in cannabis legalization regimes in several countries have influenced the diversification of cannabis use. There is an ever-increasing number of cannabis forms available, which are gaining popularity for both recreational and therapeutic use. From a therapeutic perspective, oral cannabis containing Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) is a promising route of administration but there is still little information about its pharmacokinetics (PK) effects in humans. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a general overview of the available PK data on cannabis and THC after oral administration.
methodsA search of the published literature was conducted using the PubMed database to collect available articles describing the PK data of THC after oral administration in humans.
resultsThe literature search yielded 363 results, 26 of which met our inclusion criteria. The PK of oral THC has been studied using capsules (including oil content), tablets, baked goods (brownies and cookies), and oil and tea (decoctions). Capsules and tablets, which mainly correspond to pharmaceutical forms, were found to be the oral formulations most commonly studied. Overall, the results reflect the high variability in the THC absorption of oral formulations, with delayed peak plasma concentrations compared to other routes of administration.
conclusionsOral THC has a highly variable PK profile that differs between formulations, with seemingly higher variability in baked goods and oil forms. Overall, there is limited information available in this field. Therefore, further investigations are required to unravel the unpredictability of oral THC administration to increase the effectiveness and safety of oral formulations in medicinal use.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.