ReviewExperimental neurology2020
Sex differences in stroke co-morbidities.
Review in Experimental neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Knowledge on hypertension among hypertensive stroke survivors in Ghana: A cross-sectional, multicenter study.Equity neuroscience · 2026Article
- Observational
- Ischemic Stroke Increases Protein Expression of the Folate Receptor and One-carbon Enzymes in Brain Tissue From Male and Female Patients.Translational stroke research · 2026Article
- Sex-Based Efficacy of Endovascular Thrombectomy Techniques in LVO Stroke: A Multicenter Registry Analysis.Stroke · 2026Article
- Impact of Physical Activity on Stroke Risk in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in the Protective Effect of Brain Volume: Age Attenuates Protection in Women.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- New insights into sexual dimorphism in cardiometabolic health.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Review
- Clinical implications of the recalibrated CHA₂DS₂-VA score for women after ischemic stroke: a prospective cohort study.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Observational
- A comprehensive analysis of female participation in cardiovascular trials involving the WCN investigator network.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2025Article
- Area-Level Income Disparities and the Timing of First Ischemic Stroke: Insights From the 2019 National Inpatient Sample.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in the Protective Effect of Brain Volume: Age Attenuates Protection in Females.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Pre-hospital THRIVE score predicts the thrombolysis in cerebral infarction outcome post endovascular thrombectomy: an emergency medical service study.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Ischemic stroke increases levels of the folate receptor and one-carbon enzymes in male and female brain tissue.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Differential Lesion Patterns Associated With Stroke-Induced Apraxia in Women and Men.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- No disadvantages for women in acute stroke care in Germany: an analysis of access to stroke treatment services in Germany from 2017 to 2022.Neurological research and practice · 2025Article
- Blood-brain barrier repair: potential and challenges of stem cells and exosomes in stroke treatment.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Lifestyle behaviors and cardiovascular risk factors in transgender versus cisgender stroke survivors.PloS one · 2025Article
- Community Resources and Needs Assessment on Stroke in Tuba, Benguet: A Concurrent Triangulation Design.Acta medica Philippina · 2025Article
- Sex Disparities in Mortality After Endovascular Therapy in Large Core Infarcts.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Role of gender in short- and long-term outcomes after surgery for type A aortic dissection: analysis of a multicentre European registry.European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Males and females possess distinct biological differences that manifest in diverse risk profiles for acute and chronic diseases. A well-documented example of this is ischemic stroke. It has been demonstrated that older females have greater prevalence of, and worse outcome after, ischemic stroke than do males and younger females. Loss of estrogen after menopause is heavily implicated as a contributing factor for this phenomenon; however, there is mounting evidence to suggest that certain risk factors tend to occur more often in older females, such as hypertension and atrial fibrillation, while others more adversely affect females than they do males, such as diabetes and smoking. Sex-specific risk factors, such as oral contraceptive use and menopause, could also contribute to the discrepancy in stroke prevalence and outcome. Additionally, there is evidence to suggest that females tend to present with more nontraditional symptoms of acute stroke than do males, making it more difficult for clinicians to correctly identify the occurrence of a stroke, which may delay the administration of thrombolytic intervention. Finally, certain sociodemographic factors, such as the fact that females were more likely to live alone prior to stroke, may contribute to poorer recovery in females. This review will explore the various co-morbidities and sociodemographic factors that contribute to the greater prevalence of and poorer outcome after stroke in older females and will highlight the critical need for considering sex as a predisposing biological variable in stroke studies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.