Observational studyMycoses2020
COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) in patients admitted with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: An observational study from Pakistan.
Observational study in Mycoses, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04848831 (Diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 115 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA) - Specific Testing in Bronchial Secretions Versus Bronchoalveolar Fluid in Patients With and Without COVID-19
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 201 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antifungal therapy in the management of fungal secondary infections in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review on SARS-CoV-2-associated fungal coinfections.Journal of medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- Incidence and mortality of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Mycoses · 2021Pooled it
- Invasive mould disease in fatal COVID-19: a systematic review of autopsies.The Lancet. Microbe · 2021Pooled it
- Incidence, diagnosis and outcomes of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA): a systematic review.The Journal of hospital infection · 2021Pooled it
- Fungal co-infection in COVID-19 patients: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Aging · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence and outcomes of co-infection and superinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- COVID-19-Associated Fungal Co-Infections: Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Myeloid Cell States in Influenza-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis Are Shaped by Iron Overload and Metabolic Reprogramming.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Secondary fungal infections in severe acute viral diseases: clinical features and underlying immune mechanisms.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Severe COVID-19: A Case-Control Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Modeling COVID-19 pneumonia and COVID-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: sensitivity analysis and optimal control.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Population structure in a fungal human pathogen is potentially linked to pathogenicity.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The COVID-19 pandemic: an underlying factor for increasedFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- The Value of the Galactomannan Test in Diagnosing COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Review.Iranian journal of pathology · 2025Review
- Article
- Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients with and Without COVID-19 in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Brazil.Mycopathologia · 2024Article
- Study protocol: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of isavuconazole prophylaxis for the prevention of covid-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2024Article
- A prediction model for secondary invasive fungal infection among severe SARS-CoV-2 positive patients in ICU.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA): identification of Aspergillus species and determination of antifungal susceptibility profiles.Folia microbiologica · 2023Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInvasive aspergillosis is a well-known complication of severe influenza pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, recent studies are reporting emergence of aspergillosis in severe COVID-19 pneumonia, named as COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA).
methodsA retrospective observational study was conducted in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia from February 2020 to April 2020. Patients ≥18 years of age with clinical features and abnormal chest imaging with confirmed COVID-19 by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 were included. CAPA was diagnosed based on clinical parameters, radiological findings and mycological data. Data were recorded on a structured proforma, and descriptive analysis was performed using Stata ver 12.1.
resultsA total of 147 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and 23 (15.6%) patients requiring ICU admission were identified. Aspergillus species were isolated from tracheal aspirates of nine (39.1%) patients, and of these, five patients (21.7%) were diagnosed with CAPA and four (17.4%) had Aspergillus colonisation. The mean age of patients with CAPA was 69 years (Median age: 71, IQR: 24, Range: 51-85), and 3/5 patients were male. The most frequent co-morbid was diabetes mellitus (4/5). The overall fatality rate of COVID-19 patients with aspergillosis was 44% (4/9). The cause of death was ARDS in all three patients with CAPA, and the median length of stay was 16 days (IQR: 10; Range 6-35 days).
conclusionThis study highlights the need for comparative studies to establish whether there is an association of aspergillosis and COVID-19 and the need for screening for fungal infections in severe COVID-19 patients with certain risk factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.