ReviewAllergy2020
Immunology of COVID-19: Mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics, and perspectives-A report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI).
Review in Allergy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 183 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut distress and interventionFrontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Repeated SARS-CoV-2 Positivity: Analysis of 123 Cases.Viruses · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Immune dysregulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Implications for tuberculosis, COVID-19, and HIV/AIDS.Infectious medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Assessing the impact of comorbidities on disease severity in COVID-19 patients requires consideration of age.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Recent Trends in Advanced Glycation End Products in Foods: Formation, Toxicity, and Innovative Strategies for Extraction, Detection, and Inhibition.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Review
- Potential Protective Factors for Allergic Rhinitis Patients Infected with COVID-19.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a pilot study.Blood science (Baltimore, Md.) · 2024Article
- The influence of novel coronavirus pneumonia on chronic disease management of asthma-a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Review
- Immune and cytokine alterations and RNA-sequencing analysis in gestational tissues from pregnant women after recovery from COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- [S1 guidelines for the management of postviral conditions using the example of post-COVID-19].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023Article
- Gender differences in comorbidities of patients with COVID-19: An Italian local register-based analysis.Heliyon · 2023Article
- High mobility group box 1, ATP, lipid mediators, and tissue factor are elevated in COVID-19 patients: HMGB1 as a biomarker of worst prognosis.Clinical and translational science · 2023Article
- Aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) in admission as a reliable predictor of mortality in COPD patients with COVID-19.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Recent developments in the immunopathology of COVID-19.Allergy · 2023Review
- Guest edited collection serological study of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in japanese cats using protein-A/G-based ELISA.BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
- A Simple Non-Invasive Score Based on Baseline Parameters Can Predict Outcome in Patients with COVID-19.Vaccines · 2022Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
37 authors at 20 institutions in 16 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
With the worldwide spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulting in declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, the SARS-CoV-2-induced coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become one of the main challenges of our times. The high infection rate and the severe disease course led to major safety and social restriction measures worldwide. There is an urgent need of unbiased expert knowledge guiding the development of efficient treatment and prevention strategies. This report summarizes current immunological data on mechanisms associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development and progression to the most severe forms. We characterize the differences between adequate innate and adaptive immune response in mild disease and the deep immune dysfunction in the severe multiorgan disease. The similarities of the human immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are underlined. We also summarize known and potential SARS-CoV-2 receptors on epithelial barriers, immune cells, endothelium and clinically involved organs such as lung, gut, kidney, cardiovascular, and neuronal system. Finally, we discuss the known and potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of comorbidities, gender, and age in development of COVID-19. Consequently, we highlight the knowledge gaps and urgent research requirements to provide a quick roadmap for ongoing and needed COVID-19 studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.