Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32583754›Full record

ArticlePublic health nutrition2021

Habitually skipping breakfast is associated with chronic inflammation: a cross-sectional study.

Siwei Zhu, Liufu Cui, Xinyuan Zhang, Rong Shu, Hannah VanEvery, Katherine L Tucker, Shouling Wu, Xiang Gao

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Article in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Siwei ZhuDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA.
Liufu CuiDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.
Xinyuan ZhangDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA.
Rong ShuDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.
Hannah VanEveryDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA.
Katherine L TuckerDepartment of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7640-662X
Shouling WuDepartment of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.
Xiang GaoDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2617-6509

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe examined whether breakfast frequency was associated with chronic inflammatory, as assessed by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration.

designCross-sectional study.

settingKailuan community, China.

participantsIncluded were 70 092 Chinese adults without CVD and cancer in 2014 with CRP concentrations <10 mg/l, when breakfast frequency was assessed via a questionnaire, and plasma CRP concentration was measured.

resultsBreakfast frequency was associated with CRP concentration (P-trend < 0·001). The adjusted mean CRP was 1·33 mg/l (95 % CI 1·23, 1·44) for the 'no breakfast' group and 1·07 mg/l (95 % CI 1·0, 1·14) for the 'breakfast everyday' group (P-difference < 0·001), adjusting for age, sex, diet quality, total energy, obesity, education, occupation, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, blood pressure, sleep parameters, fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles. Consistently, the adjusted OR for CRP ≥ 1·0 mg/l and CRP ≥ 3·0 mg/l were 1·86 (95 % CI 1·73, 2·00) and 1·27 (95 % CI 1·15, 1·40), respectively, when comparing these two breakfast consumption groups (P-trend < 0·001 for both). The associations were more pronounced among older adults, relative to those who were younger (P-interaction < 0·001). Significant association between breakfast skipping and elevated CRP concentration was observed in those with poor diet quality, but not those with good diet quality.

conclusionsHabitually skipping breakfast is associated with elevated concentrations of CRP. Future prospective studies including repeated assessment of inflammatory biomarkers and a collection of detailed information on type and amount of breakfast foods are warranted.

Indexed as

BreakfastFeeding BehaviorAgedCross-Sectional StudiesHumansInflammationProspective StudiesBreakfast consumptionCardiovascular healthChronic inflammationC-reactive protein

Identifiers

PMID32583754
PMCPMC9884755

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.