ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2020
Application of subretinal fluid to close refractory full thickness macular holes: treatment strategies and primary outcome: APOSTEL study.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimal approaches for managing recurrent macular holes: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Pooled it
- Application of subretinal injection of balanced salt solution for the management of large-diameter macular holes.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Temporal Arcuate Relaxing Retinotomy for Persistent Full-Thickness Macular Holes: Anatomical and Functional Assessment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Simple Superior Inverted Flap Technique with Extended Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for the Treatment of Large Macular Holes.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Modified autologous neurosensory retinal transplantation and bevacizumab injection in primary extra-large chronic macular holes.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2025Article
- Inverted internal limiting membrane flap combined with subretinal viscoelastic injection for large or chronic macular holes.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2024Article
- Subretinal Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in a Porcine Model of Retinal Hole.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- [Macular hole: Differential diagnosis, treatment options and new guideline recommendations].Die Ophthalmologie · 2024Review
- Petaloid technique and prognostic significance of macular hole shapes by optical coherence tomography for full thickness macular hole.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- A three-step approach to close refractory persistent macular holes: a releasing-closing-tapping approach.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Relaxing Retinotomy in Recurrent and Refractory Full-Thickness Macular Holes: The State of the Art.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Role of Subretinal Injection in Ophthalmic Surgery: Therapeutic Agent Delivery and Other Indications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Surgical classification for large macular hole: based on different surgical techniques results: the CLOSE study group.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2023Article
- Vitrectomy in Diabetic Macular Edema:: A Swept-source OCT Angiography Study.Ophthalmology science · 2022Article
- Macular Holes: Main Clinical Presentations, Diagnosis, and Therapies.Journal of ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling and Gas Tamponade For Full-Thickness Macular Holes of Different Etiology - Is It Still Relevant?Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Surgical Management of Recurrent and Persistent Macular Holes: A Practical Approach.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2021Article
- A 24 month follow-up of refractory macular holes treated with an autologous transplantation of internal limiting membrane versus retina expansion technique.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2021Article
- Combination of Inverted ILM Flap Technique and Subretinal Fluid Application Technique for Treatment of Chronic, Persistent and Large Macular Holes.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 10 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPersisting macular holes (PMH) after surgical release of any epiretinal traction of the vitreous and adjacent membrane may rely on secondary firm adhesions between the retracted retina and adjacent retinal pigment epithelium. Secondary application of subretinal (SR)-fluid may release these adhesions followed by an anatomical closure.
methodsTwelve surgeons applied in a consecutive case series SR-fluid in 41 eyes with PMH and reported retrospectively their initial surgical, anatomical and functional experience with this approach.
resultsThe mean duration of the MH prior to SR-fluid application was 17 months (6-96 months). The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 72 years (54-88). The mean preoperative aperture diameter of the opening was 1212 μm (239-4344 μm), base diameter 649 μm (SD 320 μm). The mean preoperative BCVA prior to surgery was 0.1 (0.01-0.3). All patients (41/41) complained about reduced BCVA and a significant central scotoma (negative scotoma) in their central field of vision. The secondary closure rate for our PMH was 85.36% (35 out of 41 eyes) at 6 weeks after surgery. The postoperative BCVA improved to 0.22 (0.02-0.5). The application of SR-fluid was not associated with major intraoperative adverse effects.
conclusionRemaining SR-adhesions may inhibit PMH closure. Their release by application of SR-fluid will lead to a fast and immediate anatomical closure in many cases without serious adverse events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.