ArticleFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2020
A Set of Global Metabolomic Biomarker Candidates to Predict the Risk of Dry Eye Disease.
Article in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current uses of artificial intelligence in the analysis of biofluid markers involved in corneal and ocular surface diseases: a systematic review.Eye (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Linking the microbiome to the complement system in geographic atrophy.NPJ genomic medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Emerging mechanisms in dry eye disease: apoptosis-associated tear MicroRNAs and toxicant-related alterations of the glycocalyx and lipid rafts.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Effects of Exposure of PHMG-p, a Humidifier Disinfectant Component, on Eye Dryness: A Study on a Rat Model Based onInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Translating Biomarker Discovery: From Bench to Bedside in Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Kaempferol Alleviates Dry Eye Disease Via Modulation of the IDH3B/CCAR2/IKBKB Axis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- PFKFB3-Mediated Glycolytic Metabolic Reprogramming Regulates Inflammatory Response in Dry Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Identification of glutamine as a potential therapeutic target in dry eye disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Changes in human tear metabolome following topical 0.05% cyclosporine A on primary Sjögren's syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Critical Factors in Sample Collection and Preparation for Clinical Metabolomics of Underexplored Biological Specimens.Metabolites · 2024Review
- Tear and Saliva Metabolomics in Evaporative Dry Eye Disease in Females.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Hyperosmolarity promotes macrophage pyroptosis by driving the glycolytic reprogramming of corneal epithelial cells in dry eye disease.Frontiers of medicine · 2023Article
- Tear proteomics in dry eye disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Fast and Sensitive Quantification of AccQ-Tag Derivatized Amino Acids and Biogenic Amines by UHPLC-UV Analysis from Complex Biological Samples.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Development of a HPLC-MS/MS method for assessment of thiol redox status in human tear fluids.Analytical biochemistry · 2021Article
- Metabolomic Alterations in the Tear Fluids of Patients With Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Identification of Urine Metabolic Biomarkers for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- The alterations of ocular surface metabolism and the related immunity inflammation in dry eye.Advances in ophthalmology practice and researchReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe used ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS) to analyze the metabolic profile of reflex tears obtained from patients with dry eye disorders.
methodsWe performed a cross-sectional study involving 113 subjects: 85 patients diagnosed with dry eye syndrome (dry eye group) and 28 healthy volunteers (control group). Reflex tears (20-30 μl) were collected from the tear meniscus of both eyes of each subject using a Schirmer I test strip. MS data were acquired with a standard workflow by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS. Metabolites were quantitatively analyzed and matched with entries in the Metlin, Massbank, and HMDB databases. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was conducted to detect important metabolites. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the significant metabolic biomarker candidates for dry eye syndrome. Open database sources, including the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and MetaboAnalyst, were used to identify metabolic pathways.
resultsAfter the LASSO regression and multiple logistic regression analysis, 4 of 20 metabolic biomarker candidates were significantly correlated with Ocular Surface Disease Index score, 42 of 57 with fluorescein breakup time, and 26 of 57 with fluorescein staining. By focusing on the overlap of these three sets, 48 of 51 metabolites contributed to the incidence of dry eye and there were obvious changes in different age groups. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the main pathways were glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism.
conclusionDry eye syndrome induces changes in the metabolic profile of tears, and the trend differs with age. This evidence reveals the relationship between changes in metabolites, symptoms of dry eye syndrome, and age.
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