ReviewFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2020
Bacterial Lysates as Immunotherapies for Respiratory Infections: Methods of Preparation.
Review in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Postbiotic Metabolites: Therapeutic Potential, Industrial Applications, Market Dynamics, and Regulatory Frameworks.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- The interplay between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease: mechanistic insights from dysbiosis to disease modulation.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Early-life microbiota exposure and prevention of childhood asthma: immunological mechanisms and intervention perspectives.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Trained Immunity in Bladder ILC3s Enhances Mucosal Defense Against Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Bacterial Lysates Modulate Human Macrophage Responses by Inducing BPI Production and Autophagy.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Development of a Bacterial Lysate from Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens Causing Hospital Infections.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Deciphering the oncogenic influence ofHeliyon · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Immunostimulatory Effects of Bacterial Lysate Proteins on THP-1 Macrophages: Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Response and Proteomic Profiling.Journal of immunology research · 2025Article
- Is There a Role for Immunostimulant Bacterial Lysates in the Management of Respiratory Tract Infection?Biomolecules · 2024Review
- UNAM-HIMFG Bacterial Lysate Activates the Immune Response and Inhibits Colonization of Bladder of Balb/c Mice Infected with the Uropathogenic CFT073International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Gut-Brain Axis: Role of Microbiome, Metabolomics, Hormones, and Stress in Mental Health Disorders.Cells · 2024Review
- The Role of Postbiotics in Asthma Treatment.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Broncho-Vaxom Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Advances in Bacterial Lysate Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases and Cancer.Journal of immunology research · 2024Review
- Differential Immune-Modulating Activities of Cell Walls and Secreted Metabolites from ProbioticMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Bacterial immunotherapy is highly effective in reducing recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in children: a prospective observational study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2023Observational
- Postbiotics: Current Trends in Food and Pharmaceutical Industry.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- A Case-Control Study on the Changes in Natural Killer Cell Activity following Administration of Polyvalent Mechanical Bacterial Lysate in Korean Adults with Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Organoid technologies for the study of intestinal microbiota-host interactions.Trends in molecular medicine · 2022Review
- The SARS-CoV-2 Entry Inhibition Mechanisms of Serine Protease Inhibitors, OM-85, Heparin and Soluble HS Might Be Linked to HS Attachment Sites.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial lysates, prepared from the microorganisms most frequently involved in human Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) have been in the market for several decades, and at present, several different brands are available in many countries worldwide. They all claimed to exert local and systemic immunomodulatory effects but different clinical trials show disparate results between them. The lack of consistency of predicted therapeutic effects has undermined their clinical use and hampered licensing in several countries. One explanation for such lack of consistency in the results is that their methods of preparation are also very different. Here, we review the available literature describing methods of preparation of bacterial lysates, including patent disclosure documents. We found a great variety of methodologies of preparation and a lack of standardized procedures among them. The main conclusion of our study is that there is a clear need for standardized protocols of production to obtain comparable results in clinical trials worldwide.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.