ArticleAddiction & health2020
Lead Contamination in Opium, Opium Tincture, and Methadone Oral Solution, in Iran.
Article in Addiction & health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of urinary trace element levels in patients with opioid use disorder undergoing methadone treatment in western Iran.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Lead poisoning among asymptomatic individuals with a long-term history of opiate use in Golestan Cohort Study.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe present study is conducted with the aim to assess the lead contamination in opium tincture, methadone oral solution, and opium.
methods10 samples from each of the matters of opium tinctures, methadone oral solutions, and opium (provided by the Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran) were collected. Then, an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to measure lead concentration in each of the samples. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software. A P value of 0.05 or less was considered to be statistically significant (Two-tailed).
findingsIn this study, the amount of lead measured in all samples was equal or less than 5 parts per million (ppm) and the only exception was the lead level of 5.6 ppm in one of the opium tincture samples, which was slightly higher than the standard lead level.
conclusionThe results of the current study showed that lead was present in opium tincture, methadone oral solution, and opium, but it was not in toxic levels. It is reasonable for opium derived medicinal products, but the low levels of lead in opium may need to be addressed at different times in different regions of the country.
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Registered trials
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