ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2020
Contributions of HA1 and HA2 Subunits of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Induction of Neutralizing Antibodies and Protection in Chickens.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunoinformatics Design of a Broad-Spectrum Multi-Epitope Vaccine Targeting HA2 and M1 of H9N2 AIV.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Predicting host tropism in influenza a viruses: insights from multi-segment nucleotide signatures.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Heterologous signal peptide grafting enhances the immune efficacy of Salmonella vectors delivering hemagglutinin against H7N9 avian influenza virus.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Surface Display of Avian H5 and H9 Hemagglutinin Antigens on Non-Genetically ModifiedMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Article
- Forecasting influenza hemagglutinin mutations through the lens of anomaly detection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Avian Influenza Virus Tropism in Humans.Viruses · 2023Review
- Encoding of a transgene in-frame with a Newcastle disease virus protein increases transgene expression and stability.The Journal of general virology · 2022Article
- Article
- Live Recombinant NDV-Vectored H5 Vaccine Protects Chickens and Domestic Ducks From Lethal Infection of the Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1 causes a devastating disease in poultry. Vaccination is an effective method of controlling avian influenza virus (AIV) infection in poultry. The hemagglutinin (HA) protein is the major determinant recognized by the immune system of the host. Cleavage of the HA precursor HA0 into HA1 and HA2 subunits is required for infectivity of the AIV. We evaluated the individual contributions of HA1 and HA2 subunits to the induction of HPAIV serum neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity in chickens. Using reverse genetics, recombinant Newcastle disease viruses (rNDVs) were generated, each expressing HA1, HA2, or HA protein of H5N1 HPAIV. Chickens were immunized with rNDVs expressing HA1, HA2, or HA. Immunization with HA induced high titers of serum neutralizing antibodies and prevented death following challenge. Immunization with HA1 or HA2 alone neither induced serum neutralizing antibodies nor prevented death following challenge. Our results suggest that interaction of HA1 and HA2 subunits is necessary for the display of epitopes on HA protein involved in the induction of neutralizing antibodies and protection. These epitopes are lost when the two subunits are separated. Therefore, vaccination with either a HA1 or HA2 subunit may not provide protection against HPAIV.
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