Observational studyJournal of epidemiology and community health2021
Does urbanicity modify the relationship between a polygenic risk score for depression and mental health symptoms? Cross-sectional evidence from the observational HUNT Study in Norway.
Observational study in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- The predictive value of polygenic risk scores for depression in gene-environment interaction studies: a systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Psychiatric and substance use disorder polygenic scores are associated with the exposome in youth.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Decomposition Analysis of Depressive Symptom Differences Among Older Adults With Hypertension Between Urban and Rural Areas: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Expanding the Scope: In-depth Review of Interaction in Regression Models.Annals of clinical epidemiology · 2024Article
- Assessing the interaction effects of brain structure longitudinal changes and life environmental factors on depression and anxiety.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and major depression are associated with socio-economic indicators of adversity in two British community samples.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- A Smartphone-Based Information Communication Technology Solution for Primary Modifiable Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases: Pilot and Feasibility Study in Norway.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundResearch suggests that genetic predisposition for common mental disorders may be moderated by the environment. This study examines whether a polygenic risk score (PRS) for depression is moderated by the level of residential area urbanicity using five symptoms of poor mental health as outcomes.
methodsThe study sample consisted of 41 198 participants from the 2006-2008 wave of the Norwegian HUNT study. We created a weighted PRS for depression based on 99 variants identified in a recent genome -wide association study. Participants were classified into urban or rural place of residence based on wards that correspond to neighbourhoods. Mixed effects logistic regression models with participants nested in 477 neighbourhoods were specified.
resultsA SD increase in PRS for depression was associated with a small but statistically significant increase in the odds of anxiety, comorbid anxiety and depression and mental distress. Associations for depression were weaker and not statistically significant. Compared with urban residents, rural resident had higher odds for reporting poor mental health. Genetic propensity for depression was higher for residents of urban than rural areas, suggesting gene-environment correlation. There was no sign of effect modification between genetic propensity and urbanicity for depression, anxiety, comorbid anxiety and depression, or mental distress.
conclusionThe PRS predicted small but significant odds of anxiety, comorbid anxiety and depression and mental distress, but we found no support for a differential effect of genetic propensity in urban and rural neighbourhoods for any of the outcomes.
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